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Ceramides can be involved in the inhibition of insulin signaling. Ceramide is able to inhibit AKT signaling pathway through both PP2A and PKCζ mechanisms and Inhibition of IRS-1 phosphorylation and the function GLUT4. Ceramide can also be involved in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Adiponectin released from adipose tissue can also be involved in the regulation of ceramide synthesis.
