Fig. 2.

Analytical process overview. The process used to produce age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates in sub-Saharan Africa involved three main parts. In the data-processing steps (green), data were identified, extracted, and prepared for use in the HIV prevalence model and in covariate models. In the modeling phase (orange), we used these data and covariates in a stacked generalization ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process model. In the post-processing phase (blue), we calibrated the prevalence estimation to match GBD 2019 estimates at the national level, aggregated prevalence estimates to the first- and second-level administrative subdivisions in each country, and calculated the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV)