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. 2022 Dec 19;20:488. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02639-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Differences in estimated prevalence between males and females ages 15–59 years at the second administrative level in 2018, calculated as a the ratio of estimated prevalence among females to prevalence among males and b the absolute difference in estimated prevalence between females and males. Maps reflect national boundaries, land cover, lakes, and population; areas with fewer than ten people per 1 × 1 km, and classified as barren or sparsely vegetated, are colored light gray. Countries colored in dark gray were not included in the analysis