Table 1.
Number and age-standardized prevalence rate for ASD by global burden of disease region in 1990 and 2019.
| Prevalent cases No. (95% UI) | ASPR/100,000 No. (95% UI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | 1990 | 2019 | |
| Overall | 20,336,256 (16,857,367–24,222,582) | 28,324,939 (23,500,644–33,811,271) | 372.8 (309.1–444.9) | 369.4 (305.9–441.2) |
| Male | 15,647,724 (12,986,732–18,607,125) | 21,633,776 (17,985,166–25,761,348) | 571.2 (473.8–679.6) | 560.1 (465.2–6667.3) |
| Female | 4,688,533 (379,052–57,118,664) | 6,691,162 (5,436,262–8,153,529) | 173.4 (140.9–211.5) | 176.3 (143.0–214.5) |
| High SDI | 4,319,311 (3,613,076–5,102,134) | 5,484,192 (4,587,041–6,520,432) | 539.6 (451.7–638.4) | 579.3 (485.3–684.5) |
| High-middle SDI | 4,665,416 (3,863,289–5,575,606) | 5,520,271 (4,566,936–6,619,212) | 404.6 (334.9–483.3) | 405.4 (335.9–485) |
| Middle SDI | 5,698,916 (4,667,746–6,901,112) | 7,566,752 (6,220,224–9,144,158) | 319.7 (262.7–387.2) | 321.4 (264.5–388) |
| Low-middle SDI | 3,710,774 (3,057,599–4,450,285) | 5,612,896 (4,621,359–6,739,732) | 311.5 (257.2–373.9) | 312.8 (258.2–375.7) |
| Low SDI | 1,931,430 (1,592,707–2,329,440) | 4,125,396 (3,401,890–4,965,501) | 340.5 (280.2–408.3) | 342.2 (281.4–410.2) |
| Andean Latin America | 136,708 (112,528–164,539) | 219,156 (180,811–263,070) | 340.4 (280.9–408.5) | 342.1 (282.4–410.5) |
| Australasia | 86,986 (72,543–103,962) | 119,973 (100,247–143,664) | 436.8 (364.3–521.8) | 436.1 (363.8–521.2) |
| Caribbean | 159,035 (137,865–183,541) | 206,648 (178,807–238,417) | 344.2 (284–414.1) | 343.8 (283.7–413.6) |
| Central Asia | 10,875 (8886–13,126) | 20,847 (17,026–25,167) | 371.7 (305.9–446.9) | 374.8 (308–450.9) |
| Central Europe | 268,361 (220,526–321,320) | 354,787 (291,432–426,875) | 370.5 (305.8–443.3) | 373.6 (308.4–446.9) |
| Central Latin America | 445,113 (367,189–532,928) | 393,541 (325,032–472,445) | 351.7 (289.6–420.6) | 350.9 (288.8–419.5) |
| Central sub-Saharan Africa | 608,677 (502,158–726,427) | 875,348 (720,122–1,047,034) | 370.4 (303–446.3) | 370.8 (303.3–446.9) |
| East Asia | 4,412,839 (3,624,038–5,309,093) | 5,098,806 (4,206,229–6,150,048) | 353.5 (290.3–425.4) | 367.8 (304.4–441.9) |
| Eastern Europe | 866,526 (716,655–1,038,602) | 773,320 (638,888–927,709) | 394.8 (326.1–472.8) | 397.3 (328.3–476) |
| Eastern sub-Saharan Africa | 776,444 (638,587–926,809) | 1,667,223 (1,372,086–1,991,501) | 378.2 (311.7–454.2) | 378.4 (311.7–454.4) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 1,047,349 (872,107–1,244,347) | 1,078,242 (895,833–1,288,544) | 617.8 (515–734.7) | 634.3 (528.8–756.7) |
| High-income North America | 1,435,440 (1,210,088–1,685,566) | 2,185,918 (1,833,599–2,587,355) | 526.2 (443.4–617.9) | 640 (537.7–756.4) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 1,105,582 (911,505–1,326,857) | 1,879,528 (1,550,850–2,261,649) | 303.5 (250.4–365.5) | 304.4 (251.2–366.1) |
| Oceania | 19,903 (16,274–23,989) | 40,114 (32,728–48,523) | 290 (236.8–350.4) | 289 (235.5–349) |
| South Asia | 3,370,030 (2,767,916–4,062,245) | 5,310,541 (4,355,785–6,406,808) | 291.9 (240.1–351.9) | 290 (238.4–349.2) |
| Southeast Asia | 1,519,341 (1,253,044–1,824,857) | 2,097,143 (1,729,612–2,515,054) | 310.5 (256.1–373.2) | 312.5 (257.7–374.4) |
| Southern Latin America | 240,321 (199,640–288,082) | 313,298 (260,284–376,359) | 480.8 (399.3–576.6) | 482.5 (400.8–579) |
| Southern sub-Saharan Africa | 204,885 (167,918–245,329) | 298,595 (244,999–358,553) | 369.4 (302.9–444.8) | 371.6 (304.9–447.7) |
| Tropical Latin America | 563,007 (465,390–674,324) | 774,446 (638,700–930,842) | 353.9 (292–425.4) | 353.9 (292–425.3) |
| Western Europe | 2,113,126 (1,773,298–2,507,729) | 2,354,684 (1,967,645–2,791,090) | 573.7 (482.7–679.9) | 581.3 (488.2–686.4) |
| Western sub-Saharan Africa | 769,073 (634,591–917,695) | 1,807,743 (1,490,123–2,160,089) | 375.3 (309.6–449) | 370.6 (305.5–443.3) |
ASD, autism spectrum disorders; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; SDI, sociodemographic index.