Table 4.
Means (standard deviations), F values, and Bonferroni’s test# between parenting styles, self-esteem, and empathy.
| Sex | F(1, 582) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | ||
| Cognitive empathy | |||
| Adopting perspectives | 2.92 (0.50) | 3.07 (0.48) | 13.514*** |
| Emotional understanding | 2.85 (0.46) | 2.95 (0.47) | 6.54* |
| Emotional empathy | |||
| Empathic stress | 2.35 (0.52) | 2.67 (0.55) | 53.13*** |
| Empathic happiness | 3.19 (0.52) | 3.37 (0.46) | 18.16*** |
| Self-concept | |||
| Academic | 6.47 (1.61) | 6.70 (1.55) | 2.88 |
| Social | 6.67 (1.52) | 6.61 (1.37) | 0.15 |
| Emotional | 5.34 (1.66) | 4.88 (1.61) | 11.46** |
| Family | 7.15 (1.53) | 7.17 (1.67) | 0.02 |
| Physical | 6.07 (1.58) | 5.53 (1.60) | 16.60*** |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.