Table 1.
Biographical characteristics
| 2021 vs norm | Congenital heart disease classification | Longitudinal development (n = 177) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total 2021 (n = 204) |
Norm (n = ~) |
p | Mild | Moderate/ severe | p | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | P$ | |
| Biographical status | ||||||||||
| Female | 46.1% (94) | – | – | 48.2% (68) | 41.3% (23) | 0.357 | – | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | 50.0 ± 5.1 | – | – | 50.8 ± 5.1 | 48.3 ± 4.8 | 0.001 | 30.4 ± 5.1 | 40.4 ± 5.2 | 50.0 ± 5.1 | – |
| Systemic function | < 0.001 | 0.061 | ||||||||
| Good | 65.7% (117) | – | – | 81.1% (103) | 27.5% (14) | 84.1% (132) | 66.1% (82) | 67.3% (105) | ||
| Reasonable | 23.0% (41) | – | – | 15.7% (20) | 41.2% (21) | 7.6% (12) | 21.8% (27) | 21.2% (33) | ||
| Moderate | 9.6% (17) | – | – | 3.1% (4) | 25.5% (13) | 6.4% (10) | 10.5% (13) | 9.6% (15) | ||
| Bad | 1.7% (3) | – | – | – | 5.9% (3) | 1.9% (3) | 1.6% (2) | 1.9% (3) | ||
| Cardiac medications (total) | 60.4% (113) | – | – | 32.6% (43) | 56.4% (31) | 0.002 | 4.8% (7) | 22.2% (39) | 39.1% (63) | < 0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 12.7% (26) | – | – | 10.6% (15) | 17.5% (11) | 0.177 | 1.1% (2) | 4.0% (7) | 11.9%(21) | 0.002 |
| Ca-antagonists | 6.4% (13) | – | – | 6.4% (9) | 6.3% (4) | 0.993 | – | 1.1% (2) | 6.8% (12) | 0.002 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 17.6% (36) | – | – | 14.9% (21) | 23.8% (15) | 0.123 | 0.6% (1) | 4.0% (7) | 16.4% (29) | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol lowering | 10.8% (22) | – | – | 9.9% (14) | 12.7% (8) | 0.556 | – | 4.0% (7) | 11.3% (20) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive | 19.6% (40) | – | – | 12.1% (17) | 36.5% (23) | < 0.001 | 2.3% (4) | 6.8% (12) | 18.1% (32) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-arrhythmia | 7.8%(16) | – | – | 2.1% (3) | 20.6% (13) | < 0.001 | 1.1% (2) | 2.8% (5) | 8.5% (15) | 0.031 |
| Others | 9.8% (20) | – | – | 8.5% (12) | 12.7% (8) | 0.353 | 1.1% (2) | 6.2% (11) | 7.3% (13) | 0.815 |
| Heart related hospitalizations& | 28.6% (58) | – | – | 20.0% (28) | 47.6% (30) | < 0.001 | 10.9% (19) | 26.1% (31) | 27.7% (49) | 0.124 |
| Diabetes | 4.5% (8) | – | – | 3.0% (4) | 7.0% (4) | 0.203 | – | – | – | – |
| Smokers | 12.3% (25) | 21.1% | 0.09 | 13.6% (19) | 9.5% (6) | 0.417 | – | 13.7% (24) | 13.6% (24) | 1.0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 8.4% (16) | – | – | 7.4% (10) | 10.7% (6) | 0.654 | – | – | – | – |
| CVA/TIA&& | 4.9% (10) | – | – | 4.3% (6) | 6.5% (4) | 0.515 | – | – | – | – |
| Exercise capacity (%) | 96.7 ± 23.0 | – | – | 99.9 ± 22.9 | 89.1 ± 21.4 | 0.003 | 93.4 ± 19.4 | 94.3 ± 18.2 | 98.4 ± 24.2 | 0.001 |
| Living condition | 0.817 | 0.257 | 0.057 | |||||||
| With parents | 1.5% (3) | 1.0% | 2.1% (3) | – | 12.5% (22) | 4.5% (8) | 1.1% (2) | |||
| Independently | 96.1% (196) | 96.8% | 95.7% (135) | 96.8% (61) | 86.9% (153) | 95.5% (168) | 97.2% (172) | |||
| Institution | 1.0% (2) | 1.2% | 1.4% (2) | 3.2% (2) | – | – | 0.6% (1) | |||
| Other | 1.5% (3) | 1.0% | 0.7% (1) | – | 0.6% (1) | – | – | |||
| Marital status | 0.245 | 0.235 | 0.105 | |||||||
| No (stable) relationship* | 28.4% (58) | 29.2% | 27.7% (39) | 30.2% (19) | 45.5% (80) | 27.3% (48) | 25.4% (45) | |||
| Married | 58.3% (119) | 56.1% | 56.0% (79) | 63.5% (40) | 51.7% (91) | 65.3% (115) | 61.6% (109) | |||
| Divorced | 11.3% (23) | 13.8% | 13.5% (19) | 6.3% (4) | 2.8% (5) | 6.8% (12) | 10.7% (19) | |||
| Widowed** | 2.0% (4) | 0.9% | 2.8% (4) | – | – | 0.6% (1) | 2.3% (4) | |||
| Off-spring | - | 0.990 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| No | 22.3% (45) | – | 22.3% (31) | 22.2% (14) | 59.7% (105) | 28.7% (50) | 21.1% (37) | |||
| ≥ 1 child | 77.7% (157) | – | 77.7% (108) | 77.8% (49) | 40.3% (71) | 71.3%(124) | 78.9% (138) | |||
| Daily activity^ | < 0.001 | 0.426 | 0.012 | |||||||
| Not working | 10.6%(20) | 3.1% | 8.6% (12) | 11.1% (7) | 11.4% (20) | 12.5% (22) | 9.4% (19) | |||
| Working | 89.4%(168) | 96.9% | 85.0% (119) | 77.8% (49) | 86.4% (152) | 86.4% (152) | 82.8% (168) | |||
| Unable to work | – | – | 6.4% (9) | 11.1% (7) | 2.3% (4) | 1.1% (2) | 7.9% (16) | |||
| Educational level^^ | < 0.001 | 0.963 | 0.368 | |||||||
| Low | 33.8% (69) | 17.2% | 33.3% (47) | 34.9% (22) | 39.0%(67) | 33.1% (58) | 34.5% (61) | |||
| Secondary | 31.4% (64) | 39.4% | 31.9% (45) | 30.2% (19) | 37.8%(65) | 32.6% (57) | 31.1% (55) | |||
| High | 34.8% (71) | 43.3% | 34.8% (49) | 34.9% (22) | 23.2% (40) | 34.3% (60) | 34.5% (61) | |||
Normative data were derived from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics in 2021 and are based on the Dutch population aged 45–55 years old
CVA = cerebrovascular accident; TIA = transient ischemic attack
$p-value calculated on the differences between 2011 and 2021 on the 177 consecutive patients
&Reported heart-related hospitalizations in the last 10 years. It includes every hospitalization related to the heart problems such as for re-intervention, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, endocarditis, pacemaker or ICD change, hypertension and heart failure
&& Since surgery until 2021
*All patients with or without a (stable) relationship (11.8%) or that are living together without marriage (16.8%)
**All patients that have been widowed, regardless of their current status
^The comparison with the norm data was done on the 188 patients able to work for conformity with the cbs data. "Not able to work" includes: disabled (n = 13), long-term sick leave (n = 1) and patient with work for mentally disabled (n = 2)
^^ Based on SOI (Standaard Onderwijsindeling (Standard Educational Divisions)) 2021 classification