TABLE 1.

Traditional uses of A. laxiflora in different African countries.

Country	Region/community	Plant part/preparations	Traditional uses	References
Nigeria	Nigeria (general)	Leaves, stem, root	Malaria, anemia, emmenagogue, ringworm, venereal disease, typhoid fever, antioxidant	Ogundipe et al., 2001b; Farombi et al., 2003; Adeloye et al., 2005; Odugbemi and Akinsulire, 2008; Kaur et al., 2012
		Leaves decoction	Inflammatory and infectious diseases, administered to children with teething problems
		Stem branches	Chewing stick (local toothbrush) for cleaning teeth, sexually transmitted diseases
		Leaves	Antioxidant (preservation of kola nut and other perishable fruits and vegetables)
	Yoruba tribe, southwest Nigeria	Leaves	Poliomyelitis, measles	Oladunmoye and Kehinde (2011)
	Southern Nigeria	Leave concoction	Uterine contraction/preterm labor prevention, sickle cell disorder	Amujoyegbe et al., 2016; Bafor et al., 2018
	Oyo state, Nigeria	Leaves squeezed in water	Sickle cell disease treatment	Gbadamosi (2015)
	Ekiti state, southwest Nigeria	Leaves	Menstrual disorder treatment (dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea)	Olanipekun and Aladetimiro (2017)
		Root decoction	Reduces incidences of heart failure, lowers blood pressure	Adeniran (2015)
		Whole plant, leaves, root, bark	Malaria, pile, dysentery, eczema, cough, and high fever	Jayeoba et al. (2012)
	Oyo state, Nigeria	Leaves	Systemic and nervous system infections	Borokini et al. (2013)
	Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria	Leaves crushed in water, applied externally	Skin diseases	Ajibesin et al. (2007)
	Oka Akoko, Ondo states, Nigeria	Leaves	Venereal diseases, promoting fertility	Olanipekun et al. (2016)
	Ondo state, Nigeria	Leaves infusion	Malaria treatment	Oyeyemi et al. (2019)
	Ogun and Osun states, Nigeria	Root and fruits	Fibroid treatment	Adebisi (2019)
	Badagry people of Lagos State	Leaves decoction	Diabetes	Makinde et al. (2015)
	Oyo, Ogun, and Osun states	Bark and fruits	Infertility in females	Soladoye et al. (2014)
	Imo state	Leaves	For wrapping Ugba (fermented African oil bean seeds)	Kabuo et al. (2013)
South Africa	—	Leaves, stem, branchlets	Infectious diseases, anti-tumor, inflammation, teething problems, chewing sticks	Dzoyem and Eloff (2015)
Ghana	—	Stem, branches	Treating toothaches	Obodai and Nsor (2009)
Cameroon	Bamun folk	Leaves	Urinary tract infections, hepatitis, pains, epilepsy, anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, headaches, and migraine	Njayou et al., 2008; Bum et al., 2009; Njamen et al., 2013; Fongod et al., 2014
	South and southwest region	Whole plant	Rural architecture, used to construct life fence
	Ndop Central Sub-division	Leaves infusion	Postpartum pain	—
	Bafia (Central Cameroon), Bazou and Foumbot (West Cameroon)	Leaves decoction	Stomachache, dysentery, jaundice, anxiety, depression	Ngnameko et al. (2019)
DR Congo and South Africa	—	—	Snakebite treatment	Molander et al. (2014)