TABLE 3.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes by infertility diagnosis and maternal fertility status, 2004 through 2008, live births in Massachusetts

	Fertile (reference)		Male factor			Endometriosis						Ovulation disorders						Tubal factors			Inflammation
	No ART		IVF			IVF			No IVF			IVF			No IVF			IVF			No IVF
Outcomesa	%	AOR	%	AOR	95% CI	%	AOR	95% CI	%	AOR	95% CI	%	AOR	95% CI	%	AOR	95% CI	%	AOR	95% CI	%	AOR	95% CI
Pregnancy hypertension	8.4	1.00	15.2	1.42c	1.23–1.63c	11.8	0.90	0.64–1.26	11.0	1.24	0.94–1.63	18.3	1.53c	1.23–1.91c	11.9	1.09	0.83–1.42	13.9	1.08	0.84–1.38	8.2	0.98	0.84–1.14
Gestational diabetes	5.5	1.00	7.5	1.15	0.96–1.38	6.4	0.93	0.62–1.39	6.4	1.08	0.75–1.57	14.2	2.17c	1.72–2.73c	10.8	1.94c	1.52–2.48c	10.8	1.42	1.09–1.84	4.8	0.88	0.73–1.06
Prenatal Hospitalizations
Emergency room visits	22.1	1.00	13.4	0.89	0.78–1.03	14.5	1.08	0.80–1.44	48.0	3.38c	2.85–4.01c	14.8	1.01	0.80–1.26	49.6	2.80c	2.42–3.23c	18.0	1.05	0.85–1.28	60.5	3.42c	3.15–3.71c
Observational stays	12.5	1.00	14.1	1.12	0.97–1.28	15.5	1.30	0.99–1.71	23.6	2.02c	1.67–2.46c	15.4	1.20	0.96–1.49	24.0	1.92c	1.62–2.27c	13.9	1.07	0.86–1.34	27.3	2.25c	2.06–2.46c
Hospital admissions	3.8	1.00	6.3	1.18	0.97–1.43	10.1	1.97c	1.38–2.80c	11.9	3.34c	2.59–4.31c	12.3	2.31c	1.81–2.96c	11.3	2.56c	2.05–3.21c	8.6	1.51c	1.14–2.01c	11.9	2.79c	2.47–3.15c
Primary cesareanb	21.4	1.00	47.8	1.95c	1.75–2.17c	50.6	2.12c	1.67–2.69c	34.9	1.93c	1.60–2.33c	47.3	1.71c	1.43–2.04c	26.8	1.27c	1.07–1.51c	46.2	1.88c	1.57–2.25c	18.7	0.92	0.83–1.02
Preterm birth	6.9	1.00	19.5	1.24c	1.07–1.44c	20.2	1.22	0.90–1.66	10.9	1.66c	1.26–2.18c	26.8	1.93c	1.55–2.41c	11.5	1.38c	1.10–1.74c	21.7	1.47c	1.16–1.85c	10.4	1.44c	1.27–1.65c
Low birthweight	6.0	1.00	20.6	1.27c	1.08–1.48c	19.0	0.97	0.70–1.33	8.3	1.46c	1.07–1.99c	25.0	1.60c	1.23–2.06c	10.6	1.38c	1.09–1.76c	22.1	1.42c	1.11–1.82c	10.1	1.54c	1.34–1.76c
Small for gestational age	8.3	1.00	13.5	1.06	0.91–1.23	13.6	1.05	0.77–1.43	9.2	1.08	0.81–1.43	14.1	1.04	0.82–1.32	10.9	1.16	0.93–1.46	12.5	0.97	0.77–1.24	11.3	1.27c	1.12–1.44c

Adapted.⁷⁰

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, assisted reproductive technology; CI, confidence interval; IVF, in vitro fertilization.

^aModels adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, preexisting medical conditions (chronic hypertension and diabetes), and plurality;

^bModels adjusted for all factors in model a, plus breech/malpresentation and cephalopelvic disproportion and excluding women with prior cesarean delivery;

^cSignificantly different than reference group.