TABLE 2.
The association between timing of alcohol intake with respect to meals and risk of type 2 diabetes1
| No | It varies | Yes | P-trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases, n (%) | 2328 (3.7) | 3033 (2.7) | 3237 (2.4) | |
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.97) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 + alcohol consumption, HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.91) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 + frequency of drinking, HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) | <0.001 |
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | <0.001 |
1
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, physical activity, smoking, healthy diet score, Townsend deprivation index, hypertension, high cholesterol, and family history of diabetes. Model 2 further adjusted for alcohol intake level and frequency of drinking on the basis of model 1.