Fig. 1.

Spatial mismatch between residential and workplace locations in Metro Boston. (a) All workers; (b) Low-income workers (earning less than $1,250 per month).

Data on residential and workplace locations were obtained for all workers and low-income workers (defined as earning less than $1250 per month) at the Census block group level from the 2017 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES). Network distances were calculated from the CBD (Boston City Hall) to the centroid of each block group using the ‘drive’ street network from OSMnx. Manual classification schemes are used to symbolize the maps based on the data distributions.