Fig. 7.

Official and Imputed Death Rate, by Contact Status.

Note: The official death rate was computed using firm registration data. The imputed death rate is based on our survey data and on firm registration data. The method is described in Section 5. Vertical lines in the bar chart represent 95% confidence intervals. In Panel B, though we do not impute the living status of each firm, we assume that it follows a Bernoulli distribution with expectation equal to our imputed mean death rate. The standard deviations, standard errors, and confidence intervals are based on it.