Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants
| Variables | Total | Insulin Resistance | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes N = 108 | No N = 42 | |||
| Gender; n (%) | ||||
| Female | 81 (54.0) | 56 (51.9) | 25 (59.5) | 0.39 |
| Male | 69 (46.0) | 52 (48.1) | 17 (40.5) | |
| Age (yr) | 10.3 (2.6) | 10.9 (2.5) | 9.0 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3127.3 (712.4) | 3194 (686.2) | 2955 (757.1) | 0.65 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.4 (19.2) | 59.5 (19.3) | 45.1 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 (4.7) | 26.8 (4.9) | 23.8 (3.8) | 0.01 |
| WC (cm) | 88.1 (53.2) | 92.5 (61.0) | 76.7 (12.0) | 0.10 |
| NC (cm) | 33.4 (4.6) | 39.9 (5) | 32.2 (4.5) | 0.058 |
| Wrist Circumference (cm) | 16.4 (2.5) | 16.8 (2.7) | 15.3 (1.3) | 0.002 |
| WHtR | 0.59 (0.06) | 0.60 (0.06) | 0.57 (0.04) | 0.007 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 134.9 (71.3) | 143.6 (72.0) | 112.4 (65) | 0.016 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 162.8 (33.8) | 170.1 (33.4) | 154.6 (32.7) | 0.011 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 96.3 (63.1) | 100.3 (72.4) | 86 (24.3) | 0.211 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 47.4 (13.0) | 47.1 (13.1) | 48.2 (12.7) | 0.648 |
| FBG (mg/dl) | 90.2 (9.6) | 92.1 (9.9) | 85.2 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 18.5 (13.5) | 21.4 (11.1) | 11.2 (16.3) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.1 (2.87) | 5 (2.8) | 1.7 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
Data presented as mean (SD) for quantitative variables and number (%) for qualitative variables, which were obtained using T-test and chi-square test, respectively
BMI Body Mass Index, WC Waist Circumference, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, NC Neck Circumference, TG Triacylglycerols, LDL Low-density Lipoprotein, HDL High-density Lipoprotein, FBG Fasting Blood Glucose, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance