Table 2.
Association between Vitamin B12 Consumption and Serum Vitamin B12
| Cohort N (Wgt %) | Unadjusted Geometric Mean of B12 serum (pmol/L) | Minimally-Adjusteda Ratio (95% CI) | Multivariable-Adjustedb Ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 11,757 | Mean | 95% CI | Ratio | 95% CI | Ratio | 95% CI | |
|
| |||||||
| Regular Supplement B12 Use | |||||||
| No B12 | 8304 (67.9) | 313.78 | (308.51, 319.05) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| MVMM B12 | 2936 (27.4) | 389.59 | (381.00, 398.18) | 1.24 | (1.21, 1.28) | 1.26 | (1.23, 1.30) |
| MVMM-exclusive B12 | 517 (4.7) | 493.88 | (469.71, 518.04) | 1.58 | (1.50, 1.66) | 1.61 | (1.53, 1.70) |
| p-trend < 0.001 | p-trend < 0.001 | ||||||
| Supplemental B12 Intakec (mcg) | |||||||
| Non-users | 8304 (67.9) | 313.78 | (308.51, 319.05) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| 1st Tertile | 1313 (12.4) | 379.77 | (367.76, 391.77) | 1.21 | (1.17, 1.25) | 1.23 | (1.19, 1.27) |
| 2nd Tertile | 1306 (11.8) | 394.21 | (382.80, 405.62) | 1.26 | (1.21, 1.31) | 1.28 | (1.23, 1.33) |
| 3rd Tertile | 834 (8.0) | 458.05 | (441.43, 474.67) | 1.47 | (1.42, 1.52) | 1.49 | (1.44, 1.54) |
| p-trend < 0.001 | p-trend < 0.001 | ||||||
| Dietary B12 Intaked (mcg) | |||||||
| 1st Quartile | 2945 (22.9) | 319.04 | (309.88, 328.21) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| 2nd Quartile | 2936 (23.6) | 325.94 | (318.04, 333.85) | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.06) | 1.03 | (1.00, 1.07) |
| 3rd Quartile | 2937 (26.5) | 347.13 | (338.63, 355.62) | 1.10 | (1.07, 1.13) | 1.11 | (1.08, 1.15) |
| 4th Quartile | 2939 (27.0) | 365.34 | (358.00, 372.67) | 1.17 | (1.13, 1.20) | 1.18 | (1.14, 1.22) |
| p-trend < 0.001 | p-trend < 0.001 | ||||||
| Dietary+Supplement B12 Intakee (mcg) | |||||||
| 1st Quartile | 2943 (21.7) | 291.83 | (284.75, 298.91) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| 2nd Quartile | 2941 (24.5) | 310.14 | (302.23, 318.05) | 1.06 | (1.04, 1.10) | 1.08 | (1.05, 1.11) |
| 3rd Quartile | 2935 (26.8) | 349.96 | (341.51, 358.42) | 1.21 | (1.17, 1.25) | 1.23 | (1.19, 1.27) |
| 4th Quartile | 2938 (27.0) | 406.52 | (399.48, 413.56) | 1.40 | (1.36, 1.44) | 1.43 | (1.39, 1.48) |
| p-trend < 0.001 | p-trend < 0.001 | ||||||
ABREVIATIONS: MVMM (Multi-vitamin/mineral supplement), mcg (micrograms)
a
Adjusted for age and gender
b
Additionally adjusted for race, poverty to income ratio, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, current health status, diabetes status, heart disease status, anemia treatment, memory loss
c
Non-users (0 mcg/day), Tertile 1 (0.065– 6.0 mcg/day), Tertile 2 (6.14 – 25 mcg/day), Tertile 3 (> 25.00 mcg/day)
d
Quartile 1 (< 2.04 mcg/day), Quartile 2 (2.04 – 3.68 mcg/day), Quartile 3 (3.69 – 6.13 mcg/day), Quartile 4 (> 6.13 mcg/day)
e
Quartile 1 (< 2.82 mcg/day), Quartile 2 (2.82 – 6.15 mcg/day), Quartile 3 (6.16 – 12.95 mcg/day), Quartile 4 (> 12.95 mcg/day)