Table 4.
Stratified Association between Vitamin B12 Total Intake and Serum Vitamin B12 by Combined Gender and Smoking Status
| Smoking Status | B12 Supplemental & Dietary Combined Intakeb (mcg) | Gender | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Male | Female | ||||||
| N (wgt %) | Ratioa | 95% CI | N (wgt %) | Ratioa | 95% CI | ||
|
| |||||||
| Never Smoker | Quartile 1 | 568 (15.8) | 1.00 | Ref | 1094 (26.2) | 1.00 | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 727 (26.2) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.10) | 878 (21.1) | 1.12 | (1.07, 1.17) | |
| Quartile 3 | 780 (30.3) | 1.09 | (1.03, 1.17) | 901 (25.8) | 1.30 | (1.22, 1.38) | |
| Quartile 4 | 710 (27.8) | 1.32 | (1.23, 1.42) | 934 (26.9) | 1.47 | (1.39, 1.55) | |
| p-trend <000.1 | p-trend <000.1 | ||||||
| Former Smoker | Quartile 1 | 356 (15.1) | 1.00 | Ref | 272 (21.0) | 1.00 | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 459 (25.8) | 1.06 | (0.98, 1.15) | 205 (19.6) | 1.04 | (0.92, 1.17) | |
| Quartile 3 | 429 (27.3) | 1.19 | (1.10, 1.28) | 231 (25.3) | 1.39 | (1.23, 1.56) | |
| Quartile 4 | 506 (31.8) | 1.44 | (1.35, 1.54) | 328 (34.1) | 1.51 | (1.34, 1.70) | |
| p-trend <000.1 | p-trend <000.1 | ||||||
| Current Smoker | Quartile 1 | 306 (19.6) | 1.00 | Ref | 347 (34.5) | 1.00 | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 412 (290) | 1.11 | (1.04, 1.18) | 260 (28.0) | 1.02 | (0.93, 1.13) | |
| Quartile 3 | 401 (28.2) | 1.20 | (1.10, 1.27) | 193 (19.9) | 1.29 | (1.12, 1.48) | |
| Quartile 4 | 291 (23.3) | 1.34 | (1.25, 1.43) | 169 (17.6) | 1.50 | (1.33, 1.68) | |
| p-trend <000.1 | p-trend <000.1 | ||||||
| p-interaction = 0.07 | |||||||
a
Adjusted for sex, age, race, poverty to income ratio, education, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years, alcohol use, current health status, diabetes status, heart disease status, anemia treatment, memory loss
b
Quartile 1: (< 2.82 mcg/day), Quartile 2: (2.82–6.15 mcg/day), Quartile 3: (6.16– 12.95 mcg/day), Quartile 4: (≥ 12.95 mcg/day)