Table 1.
Comparison of the frequencies of demographics and other characteristics among survey participants with and without disabilitiesa (N = 3251).
| With disabilitiesb (N = 653) unweighted n (weighted %) | Without disabilities (N = 2598) unweighted n (weighted %) | p-valueg | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups, years | |||
| 18–29 | 104 (16) | 547 (21) | <0.001 |
| 30–39 | 89 (14) | 444 (17) | |
| 40–49 | 83 (13) | 419 (16) | |
| 50–59 | 118 (18) | 472 (18) | |
| 60–69 | 117 (18) | 414 (16) | |
| ≥70 | 142 (22) | 302 (12) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 310 (47) | 1250 (48) | 0.816 |
| Female | 343 (53) | 1348 (52) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 427 (65) | 1610 (62) | 0.179 |
| Black or African American, non-Hispanic | 80 (12) | 298 (11) | |
| Other, non-Hispanicc | 41 (6) | 254 (10) | |
| Hispanic | 105 (16) | 436 (17) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 306 (47) | 1533 (59) | <0.001 |
| Widowed | 33 (5) | 78 (3) | |
| Divorced/Separated | 119 (18) | 217 (8) | |
| Never married | 195 (30) | 770 (30) | |
| Highestlevel of education completed | |||
| Some high school or less | 138 (21) | 211 (8) | <0.001 |
| High school graduate/some college | 398 (61) | 1479 (57) | |
| 4-year college/some postgraduate education | 73 (11) | 512 (20) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 44 (7) | 396 (15) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed full-time | 153 (23) | 1309 (50) | <0.001 |
| Employed part-time | 75 (24) | 368 (14) | |
| Not working | 424 (65) | 921 (35) | |
| Household income 2021, USD | |||
| <25,000 | 180 (28) | 231 (9) | <0.001 |
| 25,000–49,999 | 153 (24) | 407 (16) | |
| 50,000–74,999 | 107 (16) | 449 (17) | |
| 75,000–99,999 | 73 (11) | 391 (15) | |
| 100,000–149,999 | 69 (11) | 540 (21) | |
| ≥150,000 | 71 (11) | 580 (22) | |
| U.S. Census Regiond | |||
| Northeast | 111 (17) | 471 (18) | 0.176 |
| Midwest | 139 (21) | 512 (20) | |
| South | 266 (41) | 962 (37) | |
| West | 137 (21) | 653 (25) | |
| Pastyear or current self-reported health conditions | |||
| One or more health conditions | 619 (95) | 1711 (66) | |
| --Anxiety | 312 (48) | 484 (19) | <0.001 |
| --Arthritis | 236 (36) | 284 (11) | <0.001 |
| --Asthma | 78 (12) | 155 (6) | <0.001 |
| --Chronic Pain | 250 (38) | 193 (7) | <0.001 |
| --Depression | 267 (41) | 285 (11) | <0.001 |
| --Diabetes | 141 (22) | 221 (9) | <0.001 |
| --Emphysema/COPD | 41 (6) | 26 (1) | <0.001 |
| --Flu | 23 (4) | 19 (1) | <0.001 |
| --High cholesterol | 212 (32) | 425 (16) | <0.001 |
| --Migraine headaches | 115 (18) | 213 (8) | <0.001 |
| --Seasonal allergies | 212 (32) | 576 (22) | <0.001 |
| --High blood pressure | 270 (41) | 570 (22) | <0.001 |
| --Heart condition (atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, angina, heart attack or other heart condition) | 53 (8) | 70 (3) | <0.001 |
| --Stroke | 13 (2) | 5 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| --Cancer (including skin cancer) | 46 (7) | 76 (3) | <0.001 |
| --Other mental health condition | 106 (16) | 35 (1) | <0.001 |
| --Other physical health condition | 147 (23) | 198 (8) | <0.001 |
| No health problems | 34 (6) | 887 (34) | <0.001 |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive test (self-report)e | |||
| Yes | 82 (13) | 302 (12) | 0.630 |
| No | 571 (87) | 2296 (88) | |
| Receipt of COVID-19 vaccination (self-report)f | |||
| Full vaccination | 471 (72) | 2053 (79) | 0.004 |
| Partial vaccination | 19 (3) | 31 (1) | |
| Unvaccinated | 161 (25) | 499 (19) | |
This count includes only those survey respondents who had a recorded disability and SARS-CoV-2 status (N = 3251). Statistical weighting was used to align the sample with U.S. population distributions, adjusting for gender, age, household income, race/ethnicity, household size, education, census region, and metropolitan status. Weights were designed to match the U.S. Census' American Community Survey (ACS) proportions for these variables. Metropolitan status, which is not available from the 1-year ACS, were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS) March 2020 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS-ASEC).
With disabilities includes persons aged ≥18 years who reported having serious difficulty with vision, hearing, mobility, cognition, self-care, or independent living. Excludes respondents whose disability status was unknown.
Participants who reported a race other than non-Hispanic White or Black, including Asian, American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander or reported 2 or more non-Hispanic races.
States included in census regions: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania; Midwest: Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota; South: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas; West: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Montana, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington.
The exposure of interest was SARS-CoV-2 infection, measured by one or more positive SARS-CoV-2 test results since January 2020. Respondents self-reported ever having received a positive test result, always receiving a negative test result, or never having been tested for SARS-CoV-2. Respondents who reported having received a positive (“reported a positive test”) or only negative test results (“reported only negative tests”) were included in the analysis.
Vaccination status was defined as follows: Full vaccination: reported receiving one dose of Johnson & Johnson and two or more doses of Pfizer or Moderna; partial vaccination: reported receiving one dose of Pfizer or Moderna; and unvaccinated: did not report receiving any doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. At the time of the survey, up-to-date vaccination was defined as receiving one dose of Johnson & Johnson or two or more doses of Pfizer or Moderna.24 The survey was conducted prior to the recommendations of boosters,23 though 194 respondents received more than two vaccine doses.
Characteristics were compared among groups using a chi-square test, with p-values <0.05 indicating significant differences between respondents with and without disabilities.