Table 3.
Among individuals with and without disabilities, multivariable analyses estimating the odds of having long-term symptomsa and select duration of symptomsb by self-reported SARS-CoV-2 test statusc.
|
With disabilities | ||
|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) (ref: adults with disability with a negative test history) | P-value | |
| One or more symptom | 4.50 (2.37, 8.54) | <0.001 |
| Two or more symptoms | 6.12 (3.10, 12.10) | <0.001 |
| Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like (ME/CFS-like) symptomsd | 3.78 (2.05, 6.99) | <0.001 |
| Digestive symptomse | 3.12 (1.51, 6.48) | 0.002 |
| Change in taste or smellf | 52.62 (19.11, 144.92) | <0.001 |
| Upper respiratory symptomsg | 9.46 (4.24, 21.11) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 1–3 monthsb | 8.19 (3.97, 16.90) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 3–6 monthsb | 9.73 (3.09, 30.62) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 6–9 monthsb | 1.38 (0.21, 9.31) | 0.738 |
| One or more symptom for 9–12 monthsb | 4.36 (0.86, 22.21) | 0.076 |
| One or more symptom for more than 12 monthsb | 0.38 (0.08, 1.94) | 0.246 |
|
Without disabilities | ||
|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) (ref: adults without disability with a negative test history) | P-value | |
| One or more symptom | 9.88 (7.13, 13.71) | <0.001 |
| Two or more symptoms | 15.07 (10.27, 22.13) | <0.001 |
| Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like (ME/CFS-like) symptomsd | 9.88 (7.12, 13.71) | <0.001 |
| Digestive symptomse | 9.19 (4.48, 14.96) | <0.001 |
| Change in taste or smellf | 222.24 (76.57, 645.05) | <0.001 |
| Upper respiratory symptomsg | 18.00 (11.30, 28.69) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 1–3 monthsb | 12.61 (8.61, 18.46) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 3–6 monthsb | 11.16 (5.19, 24.00) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 6–9 monthsb | 38.43 (15.82, 93.36) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for 9–12 monthsb | 19.55 (4.84, 79.03) | <0.001 |
| One or more symptom for more than 12 monthsb | 1.22 (0.48, 3.12) | 0.676 |
Long-term symptoms were defined as symptoms lasting longer than 4 weeks since the respondent first experienced symptoms believed to be related to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and excluding symptoms that could be a side effect of getting a COVID-19 vaccine (within 7 days of vaccination). For those who never had documented infection.
Duration of symptoms were mutually exclusive categories in the survey question but may overlap depending on how the respondent interpreted the survey question. For example, an individual who experienced three months of symptoms may have responded “1–3 months” or “3–6 months.”
Statistical weighting was used to align the sample with U.S. population distributions, adjusting for gender, age, household income, race/ethnicity, household size, education, census region, and metropolitan status. Weights were designed to match the U.S. Census' American Community Survey (ACS) proportions for these variables. Metropolitan status, which is not available from the 1-year ACS, were obtained from the Current Population Survey March 2020 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS-ASEC).
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like (ME/CFS-like) symptoms include change in mood, “brain fog,” fatigue/tired/weakness, joint/muscle pain, palpitations (heart racing or pounding), post-exertional malaise, problems sleeping, and shortness of breath/breathlessness. (See Appendix B.)
Digestive symptoms include diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and stomach pain. (See Appendix B.)
Change in taste or smell, a specific symptom for COVID infection, was asked as one question, rather than as two separate symptoms, as on other surveys of patients with PCC. (See Appendix B.)
Upper respiratory symptoms include cough and sore throat. (See Appendix B.)