Table 1.
Participant characteristics of CKD and non-CKD populations.
| Total (n = 8866) | Men (n = 3117) | Women (n = 5749) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR ≥60 (n=8707) | eGFR<60 (n=159) | P value | eGFR ≥60 (n=3056) | eGFR<60 (n=61) | P value | eGFR ≥60 (n=5651) | eGFR<60 (n=98) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 60.46 ± 10.04 | 68.32 ± 10.08 | <0.001 | 62.42 ± 9.80 | 68.05 ± 8.33 | <0.001 | 59.40 ± 10.00 | 68.49 ± 11.06 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 13.9 | 9.4 | 0.105 | 38.4 | 23.0 | 0.014 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.490 |
| Current drinker (%) | 12.5 | 3.1 | <0.001 | 33.1 | 6.6 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.999 |
| Physically active (%) | 62.9 | 55.3 | 0.051 | 61.8 | 54.1 | 0.218 | 63.5 | 56.1 | 0.135 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.53 ± 1.28 | 5.84 ± 2.02 | 0.059 | 5.53 ± 1.10 | 5.68 ± 1.34 | 0.301 | 5.53 ± 1.37 | 5.93 ± 2.34 | 0.092 |
| 2-h PG (mmol/L) | 6.92 ± 5.02 | 7.83 ± 3.65 | 0.023 | 6.69 ± 2.59 | 7.45 ± 3.29 | 0.024 | 7.04 ± 5.93 | 8.07 ± 3.86 | 0.089 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.81 ± 0.87 | 6.01 ± 1.03 | 0.004 | 5.73 ± 0.68 | 5.90 ± 0.94 | 0.051 | 5.85 ± 0.95 | 6.07 ± 1.08 | 0.023 |
| TGs (mmol/L) | 1.23 (0.89-1.77) | 1.39 (1.02-1.92) | 0.005 | 1.10 (0.81-1.64) | 1.16 (0.96-1.58) | 0.254 | 1.30 (0.95-1.82) | 1.51 (1.16-2.12) | 0.002 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.50 ± 0.36 | 1.41 ± 0.33 | 0.002 | 1.52 ± 0.40 | 1.41 ± 0.31 | 0.044 | 1.50 ± 0.33 | 1.42 ± 0.34 | 0.016 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 150.62 ± 23.83 | 157.97 ± 26.37 | <0.001 | 152.82 ± 23.51 | 155.93 ± 24.47 | 0.307 | 149.44 ± 23.92 | 159.23 ± 27.53 | 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.68 ± 12.40 | 82.45 ± 15.52 | 0.533 | 82.82 ± 13.38 | 84.36 ± 17.73 | 0.503 | 81.05 ± 11.79 | 81.26 ± 13.94 | 0.886 |
| Hypertension (%) | 68.1 | 81.8 | <0.001 | 72.2 | 82.0 | 0.092 | 65.9 | 81.6 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 12.5 | 19.5 | 0.009 | 12.0 | 16.4 | 0.294 | 12.8 | 21.4 | 0.012 |
| CVD (%) | 7.3 | 11.9 | 0.027 | 8.4 | 19.7 | 0.002 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 0.875 |
| METS-VF | 6.40 ± 0.59 | 6.66 ± 0.53 | <0.001 | 6.52 ± 0.58 | 6.75 ± 0.55 | 0.001 | 6.34 ± 0.58 | 6.60 ± 0.51 | <0.001 |
| LAP | 24.32 (13.92-41.60) | 29.83 (17.02-53.60) | 0.002 | 18.25 (9.90-32.76) | 22.25 (12.32-33.91) | 0.129 | 27.96 (16.68-46.00) | 37.92 (21.54-59.55) | 0.001 |
| VAI | 1.38 (0.86-2.25) | 1.61 (1.00-2.70) | 0.003 | 0.93 (0.61-1.58) | 1.18 (0.74-1.54) | 0.099 | 1.63 (1.08-2.55) | 2.16 (1.41-3.27) | <0.001 |
| ABSI | 0.078 ± 0.007 | 0.081 ± 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.078 ± 0.007 | 0.079 ± 0.005 | 0.237 | 0.078 ± 0.007 | 0.081 ± 0.007 | <0.001 |
| BRI | 3.65 ± 1.17 | 4.04 ± 1.24 | <0.001 | 3.40 ± 1.03 | 3.73 ± 1.03 | 0.012 | 3.79 ± 1.21 | 4.24 ± 1.33 | <0.001 |
| CMI | 0.97 (0.63-1.59) | 1.22 (0.73-1.95) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.54-1.47) | 1.07 (0.68-1.54) | 0.058 | 1.04 (0.68-1.65) | 1.39 (0.91-2.09) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.53 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 81.15 ± 9.20 | 83.47 ± 9.33 | 0.002 | 82.32 ± 9.07 | 84.18 ± 8.53 | 0.112 | 80.51 ± 9.21 | 83.03 ± 9.80 | 0.007 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.70 ± 3.09 | 23.86 ± 3.34 | 0.527 | 23.43 ± 2.99 | 24.01 ± 3.25 | 0.137 | 23.85 ± 3.13 | 23.77 ± 3.41 | 0.798 |
Continuous variables are expressed as the means (standard deviations) or medians (IQRs), and categorical variables are expressed as numbers (percentages). 2-h PG, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; TGs, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; METS-VF, metabolic score for visceral fat; LAP, lipid accumulation product; VAI, visceral adiposity index; ABSI, a body shape index; BRI, body roundness index; CMI, cardiometabolic index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index.