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. 2022 Dec 19;10:234. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01397-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — ZEN-contaminated food disturbs reproductive and immune systems. a, b The organ’s index of pigs, during phase-1 (a) and phase-2 (b), between the Ctrl group and zearalenone (ZEN) group (n=4). c, d The uterine size (uterine length, uterine width, and uterine horn’s width) of pigs (n=4). e, f Representative H&E staining of immune organs (liver, spleen, thymus, and inguinal lymph nodes) and reproductive organs (uterus and reproductive tract) from each group under ×40 magnification. The scale bar represents 100 μm. g, h Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of immune organs and reproductive organs from each group (The yellow arrows show swelling nucleus). The scale bar represents 2 μm. i–l The mRNA expression of oxidative stress markers (i, j) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (k, l) in immune organs (e.g., liver and thymus) and reproductive organs (e.g., uterus) (n=8). Bar values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05