Table 1.
Patient characteristics in 235 mUC patients.
| total cohort | w/o palliative radiation | palliative radiation before pembro | concurrent palliative radiation with pembro | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| variables | (n = 235) | (n = 164) | (n = 32) | (n = 39) | p value |
| age at the initiation of pembrolizumab [mean ± SD] (%) | 71.1 ± 7.8 | 70.2 ± 9.5 | 67.1 ± 9.4 | 70.4 ± 8.7 | 0.99 |
| ≦70 | 104 (44.3) | 73 (44.5) | 14 (43.8) | 17 (43.6) | |
| >70 | 131 (55.7) | 91 (55.5) | 18 (56.2) | 22 (56.4) | |
| sex (%) | |||||
| male | 166 (70.6) | 121 (73.8) | 23 (71.9) | 22 (56.4) | |
| female | 69 (29.4) | 43 (26.2) | 9 (28.1) | 17 (43.6) | 0.10 |
| smoking history (%) | |||||
| no | 91 (38.7) | 57 (34.8) | 15 (46.9) | 19 (48.7) | |
| yes | 144 (61.3) | 107 (65.2) | 17 (53.1) | 20 (51.3) | 0.16 |
| primary tumor (%) | |||||
| bladder | 143 (60.9) | 101 (61.6) | 20 (62.5) | 22 (56.4) | |
| upper tract | 92 (39.1) | 63 (38.4) | 12 (37.5) | 17 (43.6) | 0.82 |
| histology (%) | |||||
| pure UC | 223 (94.9) | 160 (97.6) | 31 (96.9) | 32 (82.1) | |
| others | 12 (5.1) | 4 (2.4) | 1 (3.1) | 7 (17.9) | <0.001 |
| de novo metastatis (%) | |||||
| no | 146(62.1) | 105(64.0) | 19(59.4) | 22(56.4) | |
| yes | 89(37.9) | 59(36.0) | 13(40.6) | 17(43.6) | 0.64 |
| metastatic sites at the initiation of pembrolizumab (%) | |||||
| liver | 46 (19.6) | 29 (17.7) | 11 (34.3) | 6 (15.4) | 0.07 |
| lung | 82 (34.9) | 53 (32.3) | 9 (28.1) | 20 (51.3) | 0.06 |
| bone | 52 (22.1) | 32 (19.5) | 14 (43.8) | 6 (15.4) | 0.006 |
| regional lymph node | 91 (38.7) | 63 (38.4) | 15 (46.9) | 13 (33.3) | 0.5 |
| non regional lymph node | 111 (47.2) | 78 (47.6) | 14 (43.8) | 19 (48.7) | 0.91 |
| number of metastatic sites at the initiation of pembrolizumab (%) | |||||
| 1 | 113(48.1) | 82(50) | 12(37.5) | 19(48.7) | |
| 2≦ | 122(51.9) | 82(50) | 20(62.5) | 20(51.3) | 0.43 |
| ECOG-PS at the initiation of pembrolizumab (%) | |||||
| 0 | 106 (45.1) | 75 (45.7) | 12 (37.5) | 19 (48.7) | |
| 1≦ | 129 (54.9) | 89 (54.3) | 20 (62.5) | 20 (51.3) | 0.61 |
| hemoglobin at the initiation of pembrolizumab [g/dl] (%) | |||||
| normal < | 26 (11.1) | 19 (11.6) | 1 (3.1) | 6 (15.4) | |
| normal ≧ | 209 (88.9) | 145 (88.4) | 31 (96.9) | 33 (84.6) | 0.24 |
| NLR at the initiation of pembrolizumab [mean ± SD] (%) | 3.7 ± 0.38 | ||||
| 3.7< | 116 (49.4) | 82 (50.0) | 22 (68.8) | 12 (30.8) | |
| 3.7≧ | 119 (50.6) | 82 (50.0) | 10 (31.2) | 27 (69.2) | 0.006 |
| prior chemotherapy before pembrolizumab (%) | |||||
| GC | 156 (66.4) | 107(65.3) | 22(68.8) | 27 (69.2) | |
| Gcarbo | 38 (16.2) | 33(20.1) | 4(12.5) | 1 (2.6) | |
| GCP | 15 (6.4) | 12(7.3) | 1(3.1) | 2 (5.2) | |
| Others | 26 (11.0) | 12(7.3) | 5(15.6) | 9 (23.0) | 0.02 |
SD: standard deviation, UC: urothelial carcinoma, ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, NLR: neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, GC: Gemcitabine/Cisplatin, Gcarbo: gemcitabine/carboplatin, GCP: Gemcitabine/Cisplatin/Paclitaxel.