Table 1. Changes in PAPS of middle school students by year.
| 2019a (n = 8,116) | 2020b (n = 9,682) | 2021c (n = 9,984) | X 2 | p-value | Post hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 1.1 | 21.4 ± 1.0 | 22.0 ± 1.1 | 17.506 | <0.001*** | c >a, b |
| Shuttle run (rep) | 46.4 ± 13.3 | 43.2 ± 14.5 | 37.8 ± 13.8 | 20.723 | <0.001*** | a, b >c |
| Grip strength (kg) | 30.0 ± 65.7 | 28.5 ± 5.8 | 29.7 ± 6.9 | 2.884 | 0.236 | – |
| Sit and reach (cm) | 11.9 ± 3.7 | 12.0 ± 12.9 | 12.9 ± 3.7 | 3.697 | 0.158 | – |
| 50 m run (sec) | 8.9 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 5.670 | 0.059 | – |
Notes.
- mean ± SD
- mean and standard deviation
- BMI
- body mass index
- rep.
- repetition
***
p < 0.001
Kruskal–Wallis test & Tukey test using ranks.