Figure 2.

Port positioning and OR layout. Adapted from Kelkar et al. ²⁵ Examples of common port positioning options for cholecystectomy (A) with corresponding bedside unit positions (B). The assistant port was for non-robotic laparoscopic instruments. Umbilicus is where the ML crosses the SUL. Five millimiters robotic ports were positioned on the left and right midclavicular lines, with a third 5 or 10 mm assistant port positioned either superior to the iliac crest (Fig. 2A, option 1) or in the epigastrium (Fig. 2A, option 2). The camera port was usually positioned up to 2 cm below the umbilicus on the midline. However, in high BMI patients, the camera port was positioned above the umbilicus. Aux., auxiliary monitor; Console, surgeon console; Endo., endoscope; Instr., instrument; MCL, midclavicular line; ML, midline; OR, operating room; SUL, supine-umbilical line.