Table 1.
Clinical features
| All patients 273 |
HFpEF 46 |
HFmrEF 93 |
HFrEF 134 |
P-value | HFpEF:HFmrEF | HFmrEF:HFrEF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 62.88 ± 12.4 | 60.39 ± 11.0 | 61.2 ± 14.3 | 64.9 ± 12.3 | 0.022 | 1.0 | 0.058 |
| Female, n (%) | 104 (36.2) | 24 (52.2) | 36 (38.7) | 34 (25.3) | 0.002 | 0.132 | 0.032 |
| Hct | 43.7 (4.4) | 42.6 (4.2) | 42.9 (4.1) | 44.6 (4.4) | 0.003 | 1.0 | 0.014 |
| Symptoms | |||||||
| NYHA 1 | 183 (63.8) | 33 (71.7) | 65 (69.9) | 75 (56.0) | |||
| 2 | 90 (31.4) | 9 (19.6) | 24 (25.8) | 53 (39.6) | 0.051 | 0.460 | 0.091 |
| 3 | 14 (4.9) | 4 (8.7) | 4 (4.3) | 6 (4.5) | |||
| SOBOE | 106 (36.9) | 15 (32.6) | 28 (30.0) | 60 (44.8) | 0.059 | 0.764 | 0.026 |
| Orthopnoea | 48 (16.7) | 7 (15.2) | 11 (11.8) | 28 (20.9) | 0.189 | 0.575 | 0.075 |
| Peripheral oedema | 45 (15.7) | 8 (17.4) | 14 (15.0) | 22 (16.4) | 0.931 | 0.722 | 0.782 |
| Risk factors | |||||||
| Diabetes | 52 (18.1) | 4 (8.7) | 16 (17.2) | 29 (21.6) | 0.139 | 0.179 | 0.410 |
| Hypertension | 122 (42.5) | 18 (39.1) | 40 (43.0) | 60 (44.8) | 0.800 | 0.662 | 0.792 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 72 (25.1) | 9 (19.6) | 29 (31.2) | 31 (23.1) | 0.242 | 0.148 | 0.176 |
| Stroke/TIA | 38 (13.2) | 4 (8.7) | 8 (8.6) | 23 (17.2) | 0.108 | 0.985 | 0.065 |
| AF | 112 (39) | 15 (32.6) | 40 (43.0) | 57 (42.5) | 0.444 | 0.238 | 0.943 |
| Smoking history | 159 (55.4) | 23 (50.0) | 52 (55.9) | 77 (57.4) | 0.678 | 0.510 | 0.817 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.96 ± 4.94 | 28.7 ± 5.30 | 28.1 ± 4.9 | 27.6 ± 4.9 | 0.420 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Medications | |||||||
| Antiplatelet | 55 (19.2) | 10 (21.7) | 16 (17.2) | 26 (19.4) | 0.806 | 0.519 | 0.675 |
| Beta-blocker | 225 (78.4) | 38 (82.6) | 76 (81.7) | 106 (79.6) | 0.825 | 0.898 | 0.627 |
| Statin | 119 (41.5) | 15 (32.6) | 35 (37.6) | 67 (50.3) | 0.055 | 0.561 | 0.065 |
| ACEi/ARB | 241 (84.0) | 36 (78.3) | 81 (87.1) | 117 (87.3) | 0.285 | 0.179 | 0.962 |
| MRA | 64 (22.3) | 4 (8.7) | 14 (15.1) | 45 (33.6) | <0.001 | 0.293 | 0.002 |
| Diuretic | 116 (40.4) | 10 (21.7) | 27 (29.0) | 78 (58.2) | <0.001 | 0.360 | <0.001 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association class; SOBOE, shortness of breath on exertion; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.