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. 2022 Dec 12;2022:3944810. doi: 10.1155/2022/3944810

Table 7.

LULC changes from 1999 to 2019.

Class name 1999 2009 2019 Change (1999–2019) Annual rate of change (%)
Area (ha) Area (%) Area (ha) Area (%) Area (ha) Area (%) Area (ha) Area (%) 1999–2009 2009–2019
Built-up land 31.7 0.1 33.7 0.1 147.8 0.2 116.1 366.2 0.63 33.86
Cropland (rainfed) 17258.6 28.1 19498.0 31.7 18465.0 30.0 1206.4 7.0 1.30 −0.53
Cropland (irrigated) 285.6 0.5 221.2 0.4 255.8 0.4 −29.8 −10.4 −2.25 1.56
Cropland (perennial) 5719.3 9.3 5811.4 9.5 5674.5 9.2 −44.8 −0.8 0.16 −0.24
Crops-shrubs/trees 1010.0 1.6 1013.6 1.6 4616.5 7.5 3606.5 357.1 0.04 35.55
Closed shrublands 3164.2 5.1 2957.6 4.8 2200.9 3.6 −963.3 −30.4 −0.65 −2.56
Open shrublands 5997.9 9.8 4282.6 7.0 1574.9 2.6 −4423.0 −73.7 −2.86 −6.32
Shrub grasslands 65.1 0.1 93.6 0.2 424.8 0.7 359.7 552.5 4.38 35.38
Wooded shrublands 27957.8 45.5 27516.1 44.7 27780.6 45.2 −177.2 −0.6 −0.16 0.10
Riverine woodlands 62.4 0.1 349.2 0.6 45.96
Total 61490.2 100.0 61490.2 100.0 61490.2 100.0