TABLE 4.
Unproven risk factors of CI-AKI.
| Procedure related risk factors | Weight of evidence | Results |
| Iso-osmolar instead of low osmolar CM. | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Solomon et al. (205) |
| NaHCO 3 instead of NaCl solution | Systematic and meta-analysis (not superior to NaCl) | Zapata-Chica et al. (206) |
| Timing of Angiography with cardiac surgery (detrimental if less than 7 days apart) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Liu et al. (207) |
|
| ||
| Patient-related risk factors—modifiable | Weight of evidence | Evidence |
|
| ||
| Hypertension-Inconclusive findings | Metanalysis | Inconclusive |
| Patient-related risk factors—unmodifiable | Weight of evidence | Evidence |
| Monoclonal gammopathies | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Stacul et al. (208) |
| Female sex -Inconclusive findings | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Neugarten et al. |
CM, contrast media.