Fig. 2.

HIV DNA persists in CD4+ Tcells and hepatocytes on ART. HIV DNA or HIV RNA were measured by DNAscope and RNAscope and a chromogen stain in liver tissue sections prior to ART (a) and on ART (b). (c). Immunophenotyping of HIV DNA+ cells using DNAscope and anti-CD4 (green) in liver tissue collected pre-ART (top) and on ART (bottom). Representative images from two (pre-ART) and three (on-ART) participants are shown. (d). Immunophenotyping of HIV DNA+ cells using DNAscope and anti-CD3 (green) in liver tissue collected pre-ART (top) and on ART (bottom). The average total number of nuclei screened was 27,217.1 (range 3774–49,078). Red arrows point to HIV+ cells. red = HIV DNA, blue = hepatocytes, white = nuclei. Scale bars = 100 uM.