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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Jun 20;123(1):95–108.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.009

Table 2.

Socioeconomic characteristics of participants in the PRADLADa study (2015) by frequency and type of establishment of commercial foods away from homeb

Fast Food
Chain Restaurant
Other Restaurant
Take-Out
Cafeteria
Food Trucks
Total
Characteristic Rarely Frequently Rarely Frequently Rarely Frequently Rarely Frequently Rarely Frequently Rarely Frequently Rarely Frequently
n (%)
Participants 146 (61.1) 93 (38.9) 177 (74.1) 62 (25.9) 179 (74.9) 60 (25.1) 170 (71.1) 69 (28.9) 155 (64.9) 84 (35.2) 197 (82.4) 42 (17.6) 109 (45.6) 130 (54.4)
%
Age group
 30-59 y 72.6** 88.2** 74.6** 90.3** 77.1 83.3 75.9 85.5 75.5 84.5 76.6 88.1 70.6** 85.4**
 60-75 y 27.4** 11.8** 25.4** 9.7** 22.9 16.7 24.1 14.5 24.5 15.5 23.4 11.9 29.4** 14.6**
Female sex 68.5 67.7 73.4** 53.2** 71.5 58.3 70.6 62.3 73.5* 58.3* 70.6 57.1 75.2* 62.3*
Less than 8th grade education attainment 13.7 7.6 13.1 6.5 11.8 10 13 7.2 13.6 7.1 11.7 9.5 16.5* 7*
Employed 35.6 48.4 36.7* 51.6* 35.2** 56.7** 36.5* 50.7* 33.5** 53.6** 36.5** 59.5** 32.1* 47.7*
Annual household income >$20,000 22.8** 14.6** 20.5* 17.2* 23.5* 19.6* 19 21 17.3* 23.7* 21.8 10.3 15.5** 23.2**
Married or living with partner 66.7 72.2 65.5 76.7 67.5 71.8 65.8 76.2 65.7 74.1 68.4 70.0 66.7 72.2
Lives alone 27.4 22.6 26.6 22.6 25.1 26.7 25.9 24.6 27.7 21.4 24.4 31 28.4 23.1
Puerto Rican ethnicity 76 84.9 78.5 82.3 80.4 76.7 78.2 82.6 79.4 79.8 79.2 81 75.2 83.1
Has health insurance 78.1 75.3 74.6 83.9 75.4 81.7 74.7 82.6 76.1 78.6 76.1 81 75.2 78.5
Food insufficiency within past month c 53.8 53.8 51.7 59.7 55.6 48.3 54.4 52.2 51.3 58.3 53.6 54.8 56.5 51.5
WICd participatione 8.3 5.4 7.3 6.6 7.3 6.7 6.5 8.7 8.4 4.8 7.1 7.1 10.1 4.7
PANf participationg 52.7 45.2 54.2* 37.1* 54.7** 35** 52.9 42 58.7*** 33.3*** 51.3 42.9 62.4*** 39.2***
a

PRADLAD = Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases.

b

Comparisons were made by frequency (“frequently” vs “rarely”) for each meal location using χ2 for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continous variables. “Frequently” means consumption at that location ≥2 times per week, “rarely” means <2 times per week.

c

Food insuficiency was defined as skipping a meal due to lack of financial resources sometimes or many times during the last month.

d

WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

e

Participation was defined as receipt of program funds by participant or a member of their household.

f

PAN = Programa de Asistencia Nutricional [Nutritional Assistance Program].

g

PAN participation was defined as receipt of program funds by participant or a member of their household.

*

P < .05.

**

P < .01.

***

P < .001.