Table 3.
Group differences in estimations of indirect effects from PM to IA.
| Parameters |
All participants (95% CI) |
Primary school group (95% CI) |
Secondary school group (95% CI) |
Wald test p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM-D1 → FCR | −0.126** [−0.147, −0.104] | −0.126** [−0.151, −0.101] | −0.139** [−0.169, −0.108] | |
| FCR → IA | −0.149** [−0.187, −0.111] | −0.240** [−0.289, −0.190] | −0.097** [−0.133, −0.062] | |
| Indirect effect | 0.019** [0.013, 0.024] | 0.030** [0.021, 0.039] | 0.013** [0.008, 0.019] | 0.003 |
| PM-D1 → MCR | −0.133** [−0.153, −0.114] | −0.133** [−0.157, −0.108] | −0.111** [−0.140, −0.082] | |
| MCR → IA | −0.061** [−0.100, −0.022] | −0.121** [−0.173, −0.069] | −0.020 [−0.058, 0.018] | |
| Indirect effect | 0.008* [0.003, 0.013] | 0.016** [0.009, 0.024] | 0.002 [−0.002, 0.006] | 0.003 |
| PM-D2 → FCR | 0.450** [0.425, 0.475] | 0.439** [0.412, 0.466] | 0.442** [0.411, 0.472] | |
| FCR → IA | −0.149** [−0.187, −0.111] | −0.240** [−0.289, −0.190] | −0.097** [−0.133, −0.062] | |
| Indirect effect | −0.067** [−0.084, −0.050] | −0.105** [−0.128, −0.082] | −0.043** [−0.059, −0.027] | 0.000 |
| PM-D2 → MCR | 0.388** [0.363, 0.413] | 0.397** [0.371, 0.422] | 0.381** [0.353, 0.410] | |
| MCR → IA | −0.061** [−0.100, −0.022] | −0.123** [−0.174, −0.071] | −0.021 [−0.059, 0.017] | |
| Indirect effect | −0.024** [−0.039, −0.009] | −0.049** [−0.069, −0.028] | −0.008 [−0.022, 0.007] | 0.003 |
| PM-D3 → FCR | – | −0.017 [−0.046, 0.012] | −0.022 [−0.056, 0.012] | |
| FCR → IA | – | −0.240** [−0.289, −0.190] | −0.097** [−0.133, −0.062] | |
| indirect effect | – | 0.004 [−0.003, 0.011] | 0.002 [−0.001, 0.006] | 0.657 |
| PM-D3 → MCR | – | −0.022 [−0.052, 0.007] | −0.034** [−0.067, −0.022] | |
| MCR → IA | – | −0.121** [−0.173, −0.069] | −0.020 [−0.058, 0.018] | |
| Indirect effect | – | 0.003 [−0.001, 0.006] | 0.001 [−0.001, 0.002] | 0.379 |
| PM-D4 → FCR | – | 0.036** [0.006, 0.066] | 0.033 [−0.001, 0.067] | |
| FCR → IA | – | −0.240** [−0.289, −0.190] | −0.097** [−0.133, −0.062] | |
| Indirect effect | – | −0.009** [−0.016, −0.001] | −0.003 [−0.007, 0.001] | 0.224 |
| PM-D4 → MCR | – | 0.047** [0.018, 0.076] | 0.039** [0.007, 0.072] | |
| MCR → IA | – | −0.121** [−0.173, −0.069] | −0.020 [−0.058, 0.018] | |
| Indirect effect | – | −0.006** [−0.010, −0.001] | −0.001 [−0.002, 0.001] | 0.062 |
| PM-D5 → FCR | – | 0.012 [−0.017, 0.040] | 0.016 [−0.019, 0.052] | |
| FCR → IA | – | −0.240** [−0.289, −0.190] | −0.097** [−0.133, −0.062] | |
| Indirect effect | – | −0.003 [−0.010, 0.004] | −0.002 [−0.005, 0.002] | 0.763 |
| PM-D5 → MCR | – | −0.027 [−0.055, 0.001] | −0.043** [−0.077, −0.009] | |
| MCR → IA | – | −0.121** [−0.173, −0.069] | −0.020 [−0.058, 0.018] | |
| Indirect effect | – | 0.003 [−0.001, 0.007] | 0.001 [−0.001, 0.003] | 0.292 |
IA, internet addiction; PM-D1 to PM-D5, five dimensions (monitoring, active mediation, restrictive mediation, co-use, and technical restrictions) of parental mediation; MCR, mother–child relationship; FCR, father–child relationship.
*p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001.