Fig. 7.

Cellular effects and pathophysiological roles of NADKs. NADK is essential for NADP production. NADP is reduced to NADPH, which couples with catabolic processes, including the pentose phosphate pathway. NADPH donates electrons to anabolic pathways and enzymes for redox homeostasis. Anti-oxidant pathways play a role in insulin secretion, cancer development and the maintenance of nervous and cardiac function.