Table 2.
Clinical characterisation of the study population with HDL-c ≤50 mg/dl.
| NO HCC-APRI <0.5 |
NO HCC-APRI ≥0.5 |
HCC-APRI ≥0.5 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 374 M:F (229:145) |
94 M:F (62:32) |
16 M:F (13:3) |
||
| Clinical variable | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| Weight (kg) | 82.01 ± 16.01 | 83.77 ± 17.58 | 96.07 ± 19.46 | n.s. |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.16 ± 5.93 | 29.61 ± 5.75 | 32.59 ± 6.89 | n.s. |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.83 ± 14.04 | 103.52 ± 14.10 | 114.30 ± 11.82a,b | <0.05 |
| Cardiovascular risk (Framingham) | 22.23 ± 18.18 | 34.30 ± 21.97a | 34.74 ± 18.98a | <0.05 |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | 42.55 ± 6.23 | 39.87 ± 6.16 | 36.72 ± 8.31a,b | <0.05 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 175.08 ± 45.60 | 179.13 ± 43.58 | 184.4 ± 45.92 | n.s. |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 109.62 ± 39.18 | 108.59 ± 29-02 | 131.3 ± 65.21 | n.s. |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 44.44 ± 15.16 | 42.39 ± 12.24 | 53.11 ± 19.31a,b | <0.05 |
| 25-OH vitamin D (ng/ml) | 19.48 ± 9.15 | 20.76 ± 9.83 | 17.73 ± 7.26a,b | <0.05 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 4.94 ± 4.99 | 3.77 ± 2.34 | 3.93 ± 2.08 | n.s. |
| ESR (mm/h) | 17.76 ± 15.27 | 19.88 ± 19.03 | 18.83 ± 16.51 | n.s. |
| GFR (ml/min) | 99.23 ± 2.43 | 91.77 ± 1.48a | 86.41 ± 6.20a | <0.05 |
| Platelet count (103/μl) | 246.86 ± 65.03 | 180.69 ± 46.68a | 206.7 ± 49.86a | <0.05 |
| GGT (U/L) | 34.30 ± 23.66 | 55.35 ± 33.58a | 51 ± 25.02a | <0.05 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.50 ± 5.81 | 41.23 ± 22.14a | 36.6 ± 8.93a | <0.05 |
| ALT (U/L) | 29.45 ± 11.67 | 56.93 ± 33.98a | 47 ± 18.16a,b | <0.05 |
| ALP (U/L) | 73.36 ± 22.61 | 75.58 ± 22.60 | 70.62 ± 20.13 | n.s. |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.46 ± 0.04 | 4.42 ± 0.06 | 4.46 ± 0.27 | n.s. |
| MH ratio | 10.93 ± 4.44 | 10.21 ± 3.81 | 10.21 ± 3.81 | n.s. |
| FIB-4 index | 0.95 ± 0.45 | 2.11 ± 1.18a | 1.52 ± 1.25a,b | <0.05 |
| APRI score | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.74 ± 0.34a | 0.54 ± 0.26a | <0.05 |
Data is presented as mean ± SD. Comparisons among three groups were performed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Lowercase letter (a) indicates significant difference in comparison with NO HCC-APRI <0.5 group only, (b) indicates significant difference in comparison with NO HCC-APRI ≥0.5 only. These comparisons were performed by Student’s t test.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; APRI, AST-to-platelet ratio index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FIB-4, fibrosis-4; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HDL-c, HDL-cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-c, LDL-cholesterol; MH ratio, monocyte to HDL ratio.