Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cohorts before vs after implementation of the Vancouver 3M (multidisciplinary, multimodality, but minimalist) clinical pathway
| Baseline characteristics | Pre-implementation (n = 126) | Post- implementation (n = 165) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 81 (± 7) | 81 (± 8) |
| Female | 48 (38) | 75 (45) |
| Coronary artery disease | 57 (45) | 70 (42) |
| Hypertension | 114 (90) | 160 (96) |
| Diabetes | 25 (20) | 52 (32) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 33 (26) | 49 (30) |
| PPM implantation | 12 (10) | 16 (10) |
| History of CKD | 21 (17) | 47 (28) |
| CKD requiring RRT | 3 (2) | 7 (4) |
| History of prior stroke | 12 (10) | 15 (9) |
| COPD | 8 (6) | 25 (15) |
| History of liver cirrhosis | 3 (2) | 9 (5) |
| LVEF < 55% | 20 (16) | 28 (17) |
| AVA, cm2 | 0.7 (± 0.2) | 0.7 (± 0.18) |
| Mean aortic valve gradient, mm Hg | 40 (± 14) | 45 (± 12) |
| Balloon expandable system | 42 (33) | 143 (87) |
| Self-expanding system | 85 (67) | 22 (13) |
| Mechanical hemodynamic support utilization∗ | 0 | 2 (1.2) |
Values are mean (± standard deviation), or n (%).
AVA, aortic valve area; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, 25th and 75th interquartile ranges; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; PPM: permanent pacemaker; RRT, renal replacement therapy.
∗
Intra-aortic balloon pump in one patient and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in another.