Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of retrospective and prospective cohort
| Test cohort | Validation cohort | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n=135) | Readmission in 30 days (n=41) | No readmission (n=94) | P* | All patients (n=159) | Readmission in 30 days (n=49) | No readmission (n=110) | P** | |
| Age, years (mean±SD) | 48.0±10.2 | 47.2±8.7 | 48.4±10.8 | 0.50 | 50.0±11.0 | 48.4±12.0 | 50.8±10.5 | 0.24 |
| Male (n, %) | 90 (66.7%) | 29 (70.7%) | 61 (64.9%) | 0.51 | 92 (57.9%) | 29 (59.2%) | 63 (57.3%) | 0.82 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean±SD) | 28.6±7.4 | 28.4±7.7 | 28.7±7.3 | 0.86 | 28.9±7.0 | 28.2±6.0 | 29.2±7.3 | 0.33 |
| White (n, %) | 130 (96.3%) | 39 (95.1%) | 91 (96.8%) | 0.64 | 137 (86.2%) | 41 (83.7%) | 96 (87.3%) | 0.54 |
| Married or living with significant other (n, %) | 42 (31.1%) | 14 (33.3%) | 28 (29.8%) | 0.61 | 59 (40.1%) | 21 (44.7%) | 38 (38.0%) | 0.44 |
| College degree or above (n, %) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 73 (49.7%) | 25 (53.2%) | 48 (48.0%) | 0.56 | |
| Average number of drinks/day (median, IQR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8 (5, 13) | 7 (5, 11) | 9 (5, 15) | 0.12 | |
| Hepatic decompensation (n, %) | 49 (36.3%) | 22 (53.7%) | 27 (28.7%) | 0.006 | 106 (66.7%) | 35 (71.4%) | 71 (64.6%) | 0.40 |
| - Hepatic encephalopathy (n, %) | 17 (12.6%) | 7 (17.1%) | 10 (10.6%) | 0.30 | 40 (25.2%) | 10 (20.4%) | 30 (27.3%) | 0.35 |
| - Variceal bleeding (n, %) | 3 (2.2%) | 2 (4.9%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.22 | 24 (15.1%) | 8 (16.3%) | 16 (14.6%) | 0.77 |
| - Ascites (n, %) | 53 (39.3%) | 20 (48.8%) | 33 (35.1%) | 0.13 | 90 (56.6%) | 29 (59.2%) | 61 (55.5%) | 0.66 |
| Use of alcohol relapse prevention medication | 10 (7.4%) | 5 (12.2%) | 5 (5.3%) | 0.17 | 7 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (6.4%) | 0.10 |
| Labs | ||||||||
| Platelet, 109/L (median, IQR) | 147 (86, 196) | 159 (122, 205) | 129 (78, 190) | 0.02 | 127 (87, 184) | 119 (74, 184) | 130 (87, 187) | 0.76 |
| Albumin, g/dL (median, IQR) | 3.0 (2.7, 3.4) | 3.1 (2.5, 3.3) | 3.0 (2.7, 3.5) | 0.17 | 2.8 (2.4, 3.2) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.2) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.3) | 0.51 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (median, IQR) | 0.7 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.6 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.10 | 0.7 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.2) |
0.7 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.45 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL (median, IQR) | 8.7 (4.0, 19.6) | 14.4 (6.3, 23.5) | 6.9 (3.7, 14.3) | 0.004 | 9.6 (3.9, 19.1) | 13.3 (5.5, 19.1) | 8.3 (3.5, 19.4) | 0.25 |
| INR (median, IQR) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.7) | 0.21 | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) | 1.6 (1.3, 2.1) | 0.19 |
| PT, seconds (median, IQR) | 15 (13, 19) | 15 (13, 18) | 15 (12, 19) | 0.52 | 20 (16, 23) | 20 (18, 23) | 19 (15, 27) | 0.07 |
| Severity scores | ||||||||
| MELD score (mean±SD) | 20.5±7.2 | 21.6±6.8 | 20.0±7.4 | 0.22 | 21.8±7.2 | 23.3±6.7 | 21.2±7.3 | 0.04 |
| CTP score (mean±SD) | 8.9±1.5 | 9.3±1.3 | 8.8±1.6 | 0.03 | 9.5±1.8 | 9.9±1.5 | 9.4±1.9 | 0.04 |
| mDF score (median, IQR) | 30 (16, 50) | 37 (19, 56) | 25 (14, 50) | 0.11 | 37 (15, 61) | 45 (26, 63) | 34 (13, 57) | 0.15 |
| mDF score≥32 (n, %) | 64 (49.2%) | 25 (62.5%) | 39 (43.3%) | 0.044 | 89 (56.3%) | 31 (64.6%) | 58 (52.7%) | 0.17 |
| ABIC score (mean±SD) | 7.4±1.5 | 7.6±1.4 | 7.3±1.6 | 0.39 | 7.8±1.3 | 7.7±1.3 | 7.8±1.3 | 0.82 |
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Hospital stay, days (median, IQR) | 7 (4, 12) | 7 (4, 12) | 6 (4,12) | 0.74 | 6 (3, 10) | 6 (3, 10) | 7 (3, 10) | 0.75 |
| Attendance to alcohol rehabilitation within 30 days after discharge (n, %) | 27 (20%) | 3 (7.3%) | 24 (25.5%) | 0.02 | 19 (16.0%) (n=119) | 4 (8.2%) (n=49) | 15 (21.4%) (n=70) | 0.04 |
| Alcohol relapse within 30 days after discharge (n, %) | 50 (37%) | 23 (56.1%) | 27 (28.7%) | 0.003 | 48 (34.0%) (n=141) | 27 (57.5%) (n=47) | 21 (22.3%) (n=94) | <0.001 |
*
P-value comparing those who readmitted vs. who did not readmit in test cohort
**
P-value comparing those who readmitted vs. who did not readmit in validation cohort n/a = data not available in test cohort
Abbreviations: ABIC = Age, serum Bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and serum Creatinine, BMI = body mass index, CTP= Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score, INR = international normalized ratio, mDF = Maddrey’s Discriminant Function, MELD = Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, PT = prothrombin time