Table 4.
Pre- and post-intervention model-adjusted mean change for the study variables by intervention (INT) and control (CON) groups
| INT |
CON |
INT vs. CON |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre M | Post M | MΔ (post–pre) | 95% CI | P | Pre M | Post M | MΔ (post–pre) | 95% CI | p | Difference in MΔ | 95% CI | p | |
| Weight (kg) [GWG] | 90.6 | 97.5 | 6.9 | 3.8, 10.0 | <.001 | 89.8 | 98.5 | 8.8 | 5.1, 12.3 | <.001 | −1.9 | −6.6, 2.9 | 0.43 |
| Physical activity (PA) (Jawbone activity kcals) | 479.6 | 514.5 | 34.9 | −245.6, 315.4 | 0.80 | 413.9 | 334.9 | −78.9 | −273.5, 115.7 | 0.37 | 113.8 | −225.1, 452.8 | 0.48 |
| Energy intake (EI) (Estimated kcals back-calculation) | 2777.4 | 3187.6 | 410.2 | 32.4, 787.9 | 0.04 | 2377.3 | 3512.1 | 1134.8 | 697.3, 1572.3 | <.001 | −724.6 | −1303, −146.3 | 0.02 |
| TPB PA attitude | 39.0 | 36.1 | −2.9 | −8.2, 2.5 | 0.28 | 41.9 | 40.8 | −1.1 | −6.2, 3.9 | 0.65 | −1.7 | −9.1, 5.6 | 0.63 |
| TPB PA subjective norm | 16.3 | 16.1 | −0.2 | −3.0, 2.5 | 0.86 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 0.3 | −2.3, 2.9 | 0.80 | −0.6 | −4.3, 3.2 | 0.76 |
| TPB PA perceived behavioral control | 14.6 | 13.9 | −0.7 | −3.0, 1.5 | 0.52 | 13.6 | 15.2 | 1.5 | −0.7, 3.7 | 0.16 | −2.2 | −5.4, 0.9 | 0.15 |
| TPB PA intention | 22.9 | 24.7 | 1.8 | −1.2, 4.7 | 0.23 | 24.0 | 22.0 | −1.9 | −4.9, 1.0 | 0.19 | 3.7 | −0.5, 7.9 | 0.08 |
| TPB EI attitude | 44.5 | 42.7 | −1.8 | −4.2, 0.6 | 0.14 | 45.0 | 42.5 | −2.5 | −4.8, −0.2 | 0.04 | 0.7 | −2.7, 4.1 | 0.67 |
| TPB EI subjective norm | 19.1 | 19.1 | 0.0 | −1.4, 1.4 | 0.99 | 20.2 | 18.8 | −1.4 | −2.7, −0.1 | 0.04 | 1.4 | −0.5, 3.3 | 0.14 |
| TPB EI perceived behavioral control | 17.9 | 17.1 | −0.8 | −2.1, 0.4 | 0.19 | 17.3 | 17.0 | −0.3 | −1.5, 0.9 | 0.62 | −0.5 | −2.3, 1.2 | 0.53 |
| TPB EI intention | 30.7 | 34.9 | −2.1 | −4.8, 0.7 | 0.13 | 37.8 | 34.6 | −3.2 | −5.8, −0.7 | 0.02 | 1.2 | −2.6, 4.9 | 0.52 |
| TPB EI limit attitude | 42.2 | 41.9 | −0.2 | −3.4, 2.9 | 0.87 | 42.2 | 41.2 | −0.9 | −3.9, 2.0 | 0.52 | 0.7 | −3.7, 5.0 | 0.75 |
| TPB EI limit subjective norm | 16.3 | 16.1 | −1.1 | −2.7, 0.6 | 0.19 | 18.5 | 17.6 | −0.9 | −2.6, 0.8 | 0.28 | −0.2 | −2.5, 2.2 | 0.87 |
| TPB EI limit perceived behavioral control | 16.9 | 17.0 | 0.0 | −1.6, 1.7 | 0.98 | 16.9 | 16.1 | −0.8 | −2.4, 0.9 | 0.33 | 0.8 | −1.5, 3.1 | 0.48 |
| TPB EI limit intention | 29.2 | 28.6 | −0.6 | −3.9, 2.6 | 0.68 | 30.0 | 27.1 | −2.9 | −6.0, 0.3 | 0.07 | 2.2 | −2.3, 6.7 | 0.32 |
| PA prospective Self-regulation | 36.5 | 35.1 | −1.3 | −5.0, 2.3 | 0.46 | 35.3 | 30.5 | −4.9 | −8.4, −1.4 | 0.01 | 3.5 | −1.5, 8.6 | 0.16 |
| PA retrospective Self-regulation | 28.9 | 34.5 | 5.6 | 1.2, 10.1 | 0.02 | 29.9 | 30.3 | 0.3 | −4.0, 4.7 | 0.87 | 5.3 | −0.9, 11.5 | 0.09 |
| EI prospective Self-regulation | 38.7 | 35.4 | −3.3 | −6.9, 0.4 | 0.08 | 36.1 | 32.6 | −3.5 | −7.1, 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.2 | −4.9, 5.3 | 0.93 |
| EI retrospective Self-regulation | 33.5 | 35.0 | 1.6 | −3.0, 6.1 | 0.48 | 28.7 | 33.1 | 4.5 | −0.1, 9.0 | 0.05 | −2.9 | −9.4, 3.6 | 0.36 |
Significant values are given in bold
Pre pre-intervention; Post post-intervention; M mean; Δ change; CI confidence interval; GWG gestational weight gain; TPB Theory of Planned Behavior