Table 2.
Proteomic studies.
| Author and Year | Neoplasm | Protein identified | Technique | N | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Müller et al, 1993 [46] | CNS tumors | IGF family proteins | Radioimmunoassay | 23 CNS tumors, 18 leukemia, 13 meningitis, 38 control | Elevated IGFBP-3 in CNS tumors |
| Müller et al, 1994 [65] | CNS tumors | IGFBP-2 | Western blot | 21 CNS tumors, 25 leukemia, 4 peripheral solid tumors | Elevated IGFBP-2 in CNS tumors |
| Nishizaki et al, 2001 [36] | GCT | AFP/bHCG | ELISA | 19 GCTs | Disseminated disease can be prevented with surgery in GCTs with elevated bHCG and AFP |
| Seregni et al, 2002 [32] | GCT | AFP/bHCG | Radioimmunoassay | 30 | bHCG and AFP can be used to monitor response to therapy |
| Miyanohara et al, 2002 [40] | GCT | s-kit | ELISA | 47 samples from 32 pts | Elevated s-kit in germinanomatous GCT's |
| Kao 2005 [52] | CNS tumors | Osteopontin | ELISA | 16 MB, 8 AT/RT, 15 control | Osteopontin elevated in AT/RT |
| de Bont 2006 | CNS tumors | Apolipoprotein A2 | SELDI-TOF, Q10 ProteinChip arrays | 32 CNS tumor, 70 control | Apolipoprotein A2 elevated in CNS tumors |
| Figarella-Branger et al, 2006 [45] | MB | PSA-NCAM | ELISA | 145 samples from 29 MB, 14 control | PSA-NCAM correlated with tumor and response to treatment |
| de Bont 2008 [54] | CNS tumors | t-Tau | ELISA | 37 CNS tumor, 51 control | Elevated t-Tau in CNS tumors, especially MB |
| de Bont et al, 2008 [47] | MB, ependymoma | IGF | Radioimmunoassay | 16 MB, 4 Ependymoma, 23 control | IGF system is a source of biomarkers |
| Rajagopal et al, 2011 [49] | MB | PGD2-S | ELISA, MALDI-TOF | 33 MB, 25 control | PGD2-S levels negatively correlated with presence of tumor |
| Desiderio et al, 2012 [50] | MB, ependymoma, PA | LVV-hemorphin-7, VV-hemorphin-7 | LC-MS | 14 PA, 1 MB, 5 ependymoma, 5 control | Hemorphins were present post-resection if residual or with spinal dissemination |
| Watanabe et al, 2012 [41] | GCT | PLAP | Chemi-luminescence | 36 GCTs, 3 nongerminomatous GCTS, 21 glioma, 12 other, 37 control | Elevated PLAP in GCT's |
| Qaddoumi et al, 2012 [35] | GCT | AFP/bHCG | 67 GCTs | CSF and serum bHCG and AFP correspond | |
| Saratsis 2012 [57] | DIPG | CypA, DDAH1 | MS | 10 DIPG, 1 GBM, 4 control | CypA and DDAH1 marker of DIPG |
| Legault et al, 2013 [34] | GCT | AFP/bHCG | 86 | Lumbar CSF has better yield of AFP and bHCG relative to ventricular CSF | |
| Cengiz 2015 [53] | CNS tumors | C-tau levels | ELISA | 26 | c-Tau elevated with tumors, correlated axonal damage, not diseasde extent |
| Fukuoka et al, 2016 [33] | GCT | bHCG | ELISA | 35 | High levels of bHCG are associated with GCT recurrence |
| Hu et al, 2016 [37] | GCT | AFP/bHCG | ELISA (bHCG), Chemi-luminescence (PLAP) | 58 GCTs, 17 suspected GCTs, 17 controls | Establishes cut-off alues of bHCG and AFP for diagnosis |
| Spreafico 2017 [48] | CNS tumors | CSF Proteome | Core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles, LC-MS, ELISA, Westernblot | 27 brain tumors, 13 control | Type 1 collagen, IGFBP-4, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1, GDNF α2, ITIH4, NPDC1 elevated with metastatis |
| Low 2020 [55] | Metastatic MB | Cytokines | Proteome array for 43 proteins | 10 metastatic MB | CCL2, CXCL1, IL6, IL8 elevated in metastatic MB |
| Okamoto et al, 2021 [42] | GCT | PLAP | 37 intra- or periventricular tumors | PLAP can be used to monitor response to treatment and recurrence | |
| Bruschi et al, 2021 [59] | All CNS tumors requiring ventriculostomy | CSF Proteome | ELISA | 31 brain tumors, 37 control | TAF15 and S100B differentiate tumor and nontumor |