Table 3.

Summary of selection of techniques discussed.

Technique	Description	Benefits	Limitations
Genetic
Sanger sequencing [66]	Sequences DNA with primers using fluorescent nucleotides and electrophoresis to generate sequence	Highly accurate, long read length (400–900 bp)	Low throughput, high cost
Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) [67]	Allows for detection of known variants based on primer, best for point mutations	Small amount of CSF necessary, quantitative assay	Assay is expensive, time-consuming set-up
Next generation sequencing (NGS) [66,68]	Simultaneously sequences multiple DNA fragments for larger genome coverage	Multiple platforms, can provide whole-genome/exome, allows discovery of new genes, low error rate	Lower sensitivity, may require larger volumes of CSF, expensive, complex data analysis
Nanopore sequencing [11,69]	Direct electronic analysis of nucleic acids fed through biologic pores	Inexpensive, handheld; high sensitivity, requires small amounts of CSF	Potentially high error rate
Proteins
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [70]	Immuno assay to detect specific proteins of interest	Rapid, standardized, high sensitivity, can be multiplexed	Requires well-defined antibody to protein(s) of interest, no discovery ability
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometery (LC-MS) [71,72]	Separates proteins in sample with chromatography and analyzes with MS	High throughput, quantitative	Extensive data processing, difficult to identify specific proteins, expensive equipment