. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 4.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Oct 4;27(10):4307–4313. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01802-5

Table 3.

Association of mean dietary copper (calorie adjusted) with cognitive decline over years of follow-up (n = 446).

	^aDietary copper by fertile β (SE, p value)			P value for trend
	1	2	3	P value for trend
Global Cognition	Reference	0.038 (0.01, 0.0008)	0.028 (0.01, 0.01)	0.04
Episodic memory	Reference	0.035 (0.01, 0.008)	0.032 (0.02, 0.02)	0.04
Sematic memory	Reference	0.057 (0.02, 0.006)	0.037 (0.02, 0.08)	0.15
Visuospatial ability	Reference	0.030 (0.01, 0.01)	0.013 (0.01, 0.30)	0.52
Perceptual speed	Reference	0.032 (0.01, 0.007)	0.018 (0.01, 0.12)	0.25
Working memory	Reference	0.022 (0.01, 0.05)	0.021 (0.01, 0.07)	0.11

Calorie-adjusted dietary copper.

Linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, late-life cognitive activities, physical activities, and APO-ε4 status.