TABLE 1.
Cytokine response of human monocytes to various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteriaa
Bacterial species (strain) | Isolation site | Metabolism | Concn (pg/ml) of:
|
IL-12/IL-10 ratio | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-12 | IL-10 | ||||
Gram positive | |||||
Bifidobacterium adolescentis (18363) | Adult intestine | Anaerobic | 4,300 ± 810 | 160 ± 28 | 27 |
Clostridium perfringens (1795) | Bovine | Anaerobic | 160 ± 4 | 120 ± 13 | 1.3 |
Corynebacterium minutissimum (541) | Erythrasma, trunk | Aerobic | 2,000 ± 340 | 390 ± 99 | 5.1 |
Enterococcus faecalis (19916) | Unknown | Aerobic | 3,500 ± 660 | 200 ± 47 | 18 |
Lactobacillus plantarum (67b) | Rectum, healthy | Aerobic | 2,200 ± 540 | 160 ± 50 | 14 |
Staphylococcus aureus (1800) | Pleural fluid | Aerobic | 4,000 ± 850 | 240 ± 83 | 17 |
Streptococcus mitis (31611) | Oral cavity | Aerobic | 3,600 ± 490 | 200 ± 44 | 18 |
Gram negative | |||||
Bacteroides vulgatus (4940) | Unknown | Anaerobic | 32 ± 2 | 350 ± 39 | 0.09 |
Escherichia coli (24) | Urine, cystitis | Aerobic | 140 ± 60 | 1,200 ± 280 | 0.12 |
Haemophilus influenzae (21594) | Pharynx, healthy | Aerobic | 90 ± 23 | 560 ± 100 | 0.16 |
Haemophilus parainfluenzae (12836) | Septic finger | Aerobic | 120 ± 50 | 650 ± 120 | 0.18 |
Neisseria sicca (23929) | Pharynx, healthy | Aerobic | 460 ± 160 | 690 ± 150 | 0.67 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (551) | Unknown | Aerobic | <30 | 480 ± 120 | 0.06 |
Veillonella parvula (5123) | Intestinal tract | Anaerobic | 1,600 ± 480 | 770 ± 200 | 2.08 |
Human monocytes from nine blood donors were purified by adherence and stimulated with each of 14 bacterial strains at a concentration of 5 × 106 UV-killed bacteria/ml. The bacteria were obtained from the CCUG, and their CCUG number given in parentheses. The L. plantarum strain was isolated from healthy human gastrointestinal mucosa (1). IL-12 p70, and IL-10 concentrations were measured by ELISA in the supernatant after 24 h. The results represent the mean and standard error for the responses of the nine blood donors to each bacterial strain.