Table 2.

Clinical manifestations of patients with PPA variants.

Variables	nfvPPA	svPPA	lvPPA	P -value	Adj.pa	Adj.pb	Adj.pc
	n = 23	n = 98	n = 23
Pronunciation distortion	12/22 (54.5%)	1/56 (1.8%)	3/22 (13.6%)	< 0.001a, b	< 0.001	< 0.05	0.118
Phonological paraphasia	9/22 (40.9%)	0/56 (0.0%)	14/22 (63.6%)	< 0.001a, c	< 0.001	0.227	< 0.001
Word finding difficulties	8/22 (36.4%)	32/56 (57.1%)	13/22 (59.1%)	0.206
Semantic paraphasia	3/22 (13.6%)	9/56 (16.1%)	3/22 (13.6%)	0.944
Impaired auditory comprehension	17/23 (73.9%)	74/79 (93.7%)	18/23 (78.3%)	0.016 a	0.063	1.000	0.110
Naming errors	18/22 (81.8%)	98/98 (100.0%)	22/23 (95.7%)	< 0.001 a	< 0.001	0.428	0.428
Repetition impairments	20/21 (95.2%)	38/84 (45.2%)	21/21 (100.0%)	< 0.001a, c	< 0.001	1.000	< 0.001
Dyslexia	11/16 (68.8%)	66/86 (76.7%)	12/20 (60.0%)	0.291
Dysgraphia	15/20 (75.0%)	39/60 (65.0%)	7/13 (53.8%)	0.452
Agrammatism in speech	14/14 (100.0%)	1/23 (4.4%)	7/10 (70.0%)	< 0.001a, c	< 0.001	0.118	< 0.001
Impaired grammatical comprehension	17/19 (89.5%)	0/81 (0.0%)	0/10 (0.0%)	< 0.001a, b	< 0.001	< 0.001	-
Episodic memory loss	10/17 (58.8%)	47/82 (57.3%)	13/15 (86.7%)	0.097
BPSD	9/18 (50.0%)	61/78 (78.2%)	11/16 (68.8%)	0.052
Neurological positive signs	5/10 (50.0%)	2/25 (8.00%)	1/12 (8.3%)	0.008	0.058	0.132	1.000

Data are represented as %. nfvPPA, non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia; svPPA, semantic variant primary progressive aphasia; lvPPA, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia; BPSD, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.

Significantly different:

^anfvPPA vs. svPPA;

^bnfvPPA vs. lvPPA;

^csvPPA vs. lvPPA.

For post-hoc comparisons, significance is set at p < 0.05.