Table 1. Antimicrobial resistance of C. acnes in acne patients in Europe and UK, in the published literature (1990-2022). Studies including at least 100 patients are shown.
| Study, period | Country | Acne patients, n | Any antibiotic resistance, n (%) | Clin, n % | Ery, n % | Azi, n % | Doxy, n % | Mino, n % |
| Ross [46], 1999-2001 | Total | 622 | ||||||
| UK | 106 | NR | 50% | 50% | NS | NR | 0 | |
| Greece | 150 | NR | 75% | 75% | NS | NR | 0 | |
| Hungary | 68 | 51% | 45% | 45% | NS | NR | 0 | |
| Italy | 128 | NR | 58% | 58% | NS | NR | 0 | |
| Spain | 92 | 94% | 91% | 91% | NS | NR | 0 | |
| Sweden | 120 | NR | 45% | 45% | NS | NR | 0 | |
| Coates [17], 1991-2000 | UK | 4274 | 1991: 34.5% 1997: 64% 2000: 55.5% |
1991: 20% 1997: 48% 2000: 43% |
1991: 29% 1997: 57.6% 2000: 54% |
NR | NR | NR |
| Dumont-Wallon [47], 2010 | France | 273 | NR | NS | 75.1% | NS | 100% * (26 patients) | NS |
| Bettoli [48], 2000-2004 | Italy | 1206 patients (1146 Priopionibacteria isolates) | 56.5% | 40.9% | 49.8% | NS | NS | 0.6% |
| Oprica [49], 1999-2000 | Sweden | 130 patients (280 C. acnes isolates) | 24.6% | NR | NR | NS | NS | NS |
NR: not reported, NS: not studied, Clin: clindamycin resistance, Ery: erythromycin resistance, Azi: azithromycin resistance, Doxy: doxycycline resistance, Mino: minocycline resistance. * Only strains resistant to tetracycline were tested with doxycycline.