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. 2022 Dec 20;5:1391. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04368-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Associations between genetic DKK1 variants and cytokine expression in response to infectious triggers (cytokine quantitative trait loci, cQTLs) from the 500FG study. The numbers shown on the top of the bars correspond to distinct experimental setups used in the original study²⁹ (see Supplementary Data 1). b Associations between genetic DKK1 variants (protein quantitative trait loci; pQTLs) and the expression of various cytokines from an independent human cohort³⁰. Log-transformed p values are shown. c A bipartite network depiction of the DKK1-associated pQTLs and various cytokines/chemokines. Green hexagonal nodes depict pQTLs, whereas cytokines are visualized as pink ovals. Positive associations (DKK1 variants linked to increased cytokine expression) are visualized in red and negative associations (reduced cytokine expression) in blue with color gradations in between. Effect sizes are highlighted by the thickness of the respective arrows. DKK1 variants shared between the two study populations are highlighted in yellow.