Table 1. Model parameters, their default values, and the range of values investigated in the simulations.

Parameter values marked by a star are adapted from Berg et al. [15].

Parameter	Explanation	Default value	Range
grid size	Number of lattice cells	10,000	500 to 250,000
b s	Proliferation (birth) rate of healthy stromal cells [unit: events per cell per day]	0.5*	-
d s	Death rate of healthy stromal cells [events per cell per day]	0.2*	-
bc	Proliferation (birth) rate of infection-susceptible cancer cells [events per cell per day]	1.0*	-
C r	Probability of acquiring resistance per cancer cell division	10−5	10−6 to 10−2, and 0
d c	Death rate of infection-susceptible cancer cells [events per cell per day]	0.1*	-
b r	Proliferation (birth) rate of infection-resistant cancer cells [events per cell per day]	0.9	0 to 1
d r	Death rate of infection-resistant cancer cells [events per cell per day]	0.2	0 to 1
b i	Rate of viral spread via contact with susceptible cells [events per cell per day]	1.2*	0 to 25
d i	Death rate of infected cells [events per cell per day]	0.1*	0 to 5
S s	Susceptibility of stromal cells to viral infection [probability that an infection attempt is successful]	0	0 to 1
S r	Susceptibility of resistant cancer cells to viral infection [probability that an infection attempt is successful]	0	0 to 1
R r	Degree of resistance of a resistant cancer cell [probability, Rr = 1-Sr]	1	0 to 1
P id	Probability of “infection at a distance” [probability that a cell is infected upon virus-induced lysis of a nearby cell]	0*	0 to 1
D i	Distance from a focal cell in terms of lattice cell layers	0*	0 to 3
F i	Fraction of cells initially infected	0.1*	-
T i	Time of virus introduction [days] after the start of tumour growth	50	0 to 400
T max	Total runtime of the simulation [days]	1,000*	-