Appendix 1—table 11. BMI and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and ADHD at age 8 in MoBa, childhood body size PGS, complete-case analysis*.
| Non-genetic estimate† | MR estimate‡ | Within-families MR estimate‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Beta (per 5 kg/m2) | CI | p | Beta (per 5 kg/m2) | CI | p | Beta (per 5 kg/m2) | CI | p | |
| Depressive symptoms: standardized SMFQ§ score N=5,158 |
Child BMIa | 0.08 | 0.00,0.15 | 0.05 | 0.13 | –0.15,0.42 | 0.37 | 0.10 | –0.34,0.54 | 0.65 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.07 | 0.03,0.11 | <0.001 | –0.06 | –0.26,0.14 | 0.57 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | 0.01 | –0.04,0.05 | 0.79 | 0.10 | –0.20,0.40 | 0.52 | ||||
| Anxiety symptoms: standardized SCARED¶ score N=5,177 |
Child BMI | –0.04 | –0.12,0.03 | 0.26 | –0.03 | –0.32,0.27 | 0.85 | 0.06 | –0.37,0.48 | 0.79 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.02 | –0.02,0.06 | 0.26 | 0.02 | –0.19,0.24 | 0.85 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | 0.01 | –0.04,0.05 | 0.69 | –0.13 | –0.43,0.18 | 0.42 | ||||
| ADHD symptoms: standardized RS-DBD** score, ADHD items N=5,174 |
Child BMI | –0.03 | –0.11,0.04 | 0.38 | 0.00 | –0.29,0.30 | 0.98 | 0.13 | –0.31,0.56 | 0.57 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.09 | 0.05,0.12 | <0.001 | –0.05 | –0.25,0.15 | 0.61 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | –0.01 | –0.05,0.03 | 0.60 | –0.09 | –0.40,0.22 | 0.56 | ||||
| ADHD-inattention symptoms: standardized RS-DBD** score, inattention items N=5,171 |
Child BMI | –0.02 | –0.10,0.05 | 0.55 | –0.00 | –0.29,0.29 | 0.99 | 0.13 | –0.29,0.55 | 0.55 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.09 | 0.05,0.12 | <0.001 | 0.04 | –0.17,0.24 | 0.72 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | –0.00 | –0.05,0.04 | 0.83 | –0.20 | –0.51,0.11 | 0.20 | ||||
| ADHD-hyperactivity symptoms: standardized RS-DBD** score, hyperactivity items N=5,167 |
Child BMI | –0.04 | –0.11,0.03 | 0.29 | 0.00 | –0.30,0.30 | 0.99 | 0.10 | –0.35,0.55 | 0.67 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.07 | 0.03,0.11 | 0.001 | –0.14 | –0.34,0.06 | 0.18 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | –0.01 | –0.06,0.03 | 0.51 | 0.03 | –0.28,0.34 | 0.84 | ||||
Coefficients represent S.D. change in symptoms per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI.
Phenotypic models adjust for the child’s sex and birth year, the mother’s parity at the child’s birth, and the mother’s and father’s: educational qualifications, depressive/anxiety and ADHD symptoms, and smoking status during pregnancy. They also adjust for the child’s, mother’s, and father’s genotyping centre, genotyping chip, and first 20 principal components of ancestry.
Genetic models adjust for the child’s sex and birth year and the child’s, mother’s, and father’s genotyping centre, genotyping chip, and first 20 principal components of ancestry.
Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire.
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders.
Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behaviour Disorders.