Appendix 1—table 7. BMI and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and ADHD at age 8 in MoBa, childhood body size PGS, log-transformed outcomes (N=40,949)*.
| Non-genetic estimate† | MR estimate ‡ | Within-families MR estimate ‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Beta (per 5 kg/m2) | CI | p | Beta (per 5 kg/m2) | CI | p | Beta (per 5 kg/m2) | CI | p | |
| Depressive symptoms: log-transformed SMFQ§ score | Child BMI | 0.03 | 0.01,0.06 | 0.02 | 0.07 | –0.04,0.17 | 0.20 | 0.02 | –0.14,0.17 | 0.84 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.04 | 0.03,0.05 | <0.001 | 0.02 | –0.06,0.10 | 0.67 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | 0.01 | –0.01,0.02 | 0.56 | 0.05 | –0.06,0.15 | 0.39 | ||||
| Anxiety symptoms: log-transformed SCARED¶ score | Child BMI | –0.03 | −0.05,–0.01 | 0.001 | –0.03 | –0.10,0.05 | 0.49 | 0.01 | –0.10,0.12 | 0.89 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.00 | –0.01,0.01 | 0.60 | –0.01 | –0.07,0.04 | 0.69 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | –0.00 | –0.01,0.01 | 1.00 | –0.03 | –0.10,0.04 | 0.43 | ||||
| ADHD symptoms: log-transformed RS-DBD** score | Child BMI | –0.05 | −0.08,–0.02 | 0.002 | –0.06 | –0.17,0.05 | 0.30 | –0.03 | –0.19,0.13 | 0.70 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.03 | 0.02,0.05 | <0.001 | –0.02 | –0.10,0.06 | 0.68 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | 0.02 | –0.00,0.03 | 0.07 | –0.01 | –0.11,0.09 | 0.79 | ||||
| ADHD-inattention symptoms: log-transformed RS-DBD** score, inattention items | Child BMI | –0.04 | −0.07,–0.01 | 0.007 | –0.03 | –0.14,0.07 | 0.52 | –0.05 | –0.19,0.10 | 0.52 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.03 | 0.02,0.05 | <0.001 | 0.02 | –0.06,0.09 | 0.64 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | 0.02 | 0.00,0.03 | 0.05 | –0.01 | –0.10,0.09 | 0.87 | ||||
| ADHD-hyperactivity symptoms: log-transformed RS-DBD** score, hyperactivity items | Child BMI | –0.05 | −0.08,–0.01 | 0.004 | –0.07 | –0.19,0.04 | 0.21 | –0.00 | –0.18,0.17 | 0.98 |
| Mother’s BMI | 0.02 | 0.00,0.04 | 0.01 | –0.06 | –0.15,0.03 | 0.22 | ||||
| Father’s BMI | 0.01 | –0.01,0.03 | 0.25 | –0.02 | –0.13,0.09 | 0.73 | ||||
Coefficients represent change in symptoms, log-transformed after adding 1, per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI.
Phenotypic models adjust for the child’s sex and birth year, the mother’s parity at the child’s birth, and the mother’s and father’s: educational qualifications, depressive/anxiety and ADHD symptoms, and smoking status during pregnancy. They also adjust for the child’s, mother’s, and father’s genotyping centre, genotyping chip, and first 20 principal components of ancestry.
Genetic models adjust for the child’s sex and birth year and the child’s, mother’s, and father’s genotyping centre, genotyping chip, and first 20 principal components of ancestry.
Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire.
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders.
Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behaviour Disorders.