Table 4. Fatty acid intakes (g/day) assessed with DR3 for 28- or 14-days and FFQ4 in 4 areas and correlations.
DR | FFQ | % difference |
Spearman correlation | |||||||
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Mean | ± SD | Median | Mean | ± SD | Median | Crude | Energy-adjusted1 | % of TFA2 | ||
Men (n=102) | ||||||||||
SFA2 | 16.0 | ± 3.5 | 16.2 | 17.8 | ± 9.0 | 16.6 | 11 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 0.43 |
14:0 | 1.2 | ± 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | ± 1.0 | 1.2 | 19 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.48 |
16:0 | 9.9 | ± 2.0 | 10.1 | 9.6 | ± 4.7 | 9.0 | -3 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 0.30 |
18:0 | 3.6 | ± 0.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 | ± 2.1 | 3.7 | 11 | 0.44 | 0.63 | 0.53 |
MUFA2 | 19.6 | ± 3.8 | 19.4 | 23.3 | ± 10.8 | 22.3 | 19 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
16:1 | 1.2 | ± 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ± 0.6 | 1.0 | -5 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.11 |
18:1 | 17.0 | ± 3.5 | 17.0 | 20.0 | ± 9.4 | 19.2 | 18 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
PUFA2 | 15.8 | ± 3.0 | 15.6 | 14.5 | ± 6.6 | 13.2 | -9 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.43 |
n-3 PUFA | 3.5 | ± 0.9 | 3.4 | 3.7 | ± 2.1 | 3.3 | 6 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.65 |
18:3n-3 | 1.8 | ± 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.1 | ± 1.0 | 1.9 | 12 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.11 |
20:5n-3 | 0.6 | ± 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | ± 0.4 | 0.3 | -20 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.62 |
22:5n-3 | 0.1 | ± 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ± 0.1 | 0.1 | -15 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.59 |
22:6n-3 | 0.9 | ± 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ± 0.6 | 0.5 | -15 | 0.40 | 0.34 | 0.61 |
n-6 PUFA | 12.3 | ± 2.5 | 12.1 | 10.8 | ± 4.7 | 10.0 | -12 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.21 |
18:2n-6 | 12.2 | ± 2.5 | 12.0 | 9.2 | ± 4.3 | 8.3 | -24 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.12 |
20:3n-6 | 0.0 | ± 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ± 0.0 | 0.0 | -11 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.29 |
20:4n-6 | 0.2 | ± 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ± 0.1 | 0.1 | -17 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
n-6/n-3 ratio | 3.7 | ± 0.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | ± 0.7 | 3.2 | -14 | 0.40 | ||
PUFA/SFA ratio | 1.0 | ± 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | ± 0.3 | 0.8 | -16 | 0.41 | ||
TFA2 | 51.9 | ± 9.3 | 53.2 | 55.7 | ± 25.0 | 52.8 | 7 | 0.29 | 0.52 | |
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Women (n=113) | ||||||||||
SFA | 14.9 | ± 3.5 | 14.6 | 17.6 | ± 9.2 | 15.3 | 18 | 0.26 | 0.60 | 0.45 |
14:0 | 1.2 | ± 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | ± 0.9 | 1.3 | 22 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.38 |
16:0 | 8.9 | ± 1.9 | 8.6 | 9.4 | ± 5.0 | 8.1 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.59 | 0.43 |
18:0 | 3.4 | ± 0.9 | 3.2 | 3.9 | ± 2.1 | 3.4 | 17 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.46 |
MUFA | 17.5 | ± 3.6 | 17.0 | 23.0 | ± 14.1 | 19.3 | 32 | 0.13 | 0.44 | 0.30 |
16:1 | 1.0 | ± 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ± 0.7 | 0.9 | 3 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.28 |
18:1 | 15.2 | ± 3.3 | 15.0 | 19.9 | ± 12.2 | 16.8 | 31 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.40 |
PUFA | 13.8 | ± 2.6 | 13.5 | 14.6 | ± 10.4 | 12.2 | 6 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.50 |
n-3 PUFA | 3.0 | ± 0.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | ± 3.1 | 2.9 | 26 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.56 |
18:3n-3 | 1.7 | ± 0.4 | 1.7 | 2.2 | ± 1.6 | 1.8 | 33 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.19 |
20:5n-3 | 0.5 | ± 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ± 0.6 | 0.3 | -2 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.55 |
22:5n-3 | 0.1 | ± 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ± 0.1 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.51 |
22:6n-3 | 0.7 | ± 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ± 0.8 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.50 |
n-6PUFA | 10.8 | ± 2.1 | 10.7 | 10.9 | ± 7.4 | 9.4 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.34 |
18:2n-6 | 10.7 | ± 2.1 | 10.6 | 9.6 | ± 7.1 | 8.1 | -11 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.27 |
20:3n-6 | 0.0 | ± 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ± 0.0 | 0.0 | -4 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.27 |
20:4n-6 | 0.2 | ± 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ± 0.1 | 0.1 | -6 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.29 |
n-6/n-3 ratio | 3.8 | ± 0.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | ± 0.7 | 3.1 | -16 | 0.37 | ||
PUFA/SFA ratio | 1.0 | ± 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ± 0.2 | 0.8 | -13 | 0.49 | ||
TFA | 46.6 | ± 8.9 | 46.2 | 55.4 | ± 32.6 | 48.3 | 19 | 0.16 | 0.47 |
1Energy was adjusted by residual model for intake.
2TFA, total fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.
3DR, dietary records.
4FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.
For n=102, r>0.20 = p<0.05, r>0.26 = p<0.01, r>0.33 = p<0.001.
For n=113, r>0.19 = p<0.05, r>0.25 = p<0.01, r>0.31 = p<0.001.