Table 1. Means and standard deviations of energy and nutrient intakes (crude values) assessed with two FFQs administered at one-year interval.
| Intake | Men (n=101) | Women (n=108) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| FFQ11 | FFQ22 | Difference | p-value3 | %4 difference | FFQ11 | FFQ22 | Difference | p-value3 | %4 difference | |||||||||||||
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| Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | |||||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2305 | ± | 691 | 2272 | 2323 | ± | 706 | 2279 | 18 | 0.791 | 1 | 1983 | ± | 858 | 1819 | 2030 | ± | 600 | 1892 | 47 | 0.522 | 2 |
| Protein (g/day) | 86.2 | ± | 35.6 | 77.7 | 87.0 | ± | 35.7 | 83.6 | 0.8 | 0.788 | 1 | 80.3 | ± | 46.3 | 71.1 | 81.8 | ± | 30.5 | 75.1 | 1.5 | 0.717 | 2 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 63.4 | ± | 27.7 | 59.8 | 63.9 | ± | 28.4 | 60.2 | 0.6 | 0.837 | 1 | 62.5 | ± | 37.3 | 54.3 | 65.0 | ± | 28.8 | 56.8 | 2.5 | 0.465 | 4 |
| SFA5 (g/day) | 18.2 | ± | 9.0 | 17.0 | 18.2 | ± | 8.4 | 17.0 | 0.1 | 0.936 | 0 | 17.7 | ± | 9.1 | 15.5 | 18.8 | ± | 9.7 | 15.7 | 1.1 | 0.283 | 6 |
| MUFA6 (g/day) | 23.8 | ± | 10.7 | 22.9 | 23.8 | ± | 11.4 | 22.0 | 0.0 | 0.989 | 0 | 23.3 | ± | 14.3 | 19.8 | 24.2 | ± | 11.1 | 21.5 | 0.8 | 0.531 | 4 |
| PUFA7 (g/day) | 14.6 | ± | 6.5 | 13.2 | 15.1 | ± | 7.0 | 14.2 | 0.5 | 0.429 | 3 | 14.8 | ± | 10.6 | 12.3 | 15.2 | ± | 6.6 | 13.9 | 0.5 | 0.581 | 3 |
| n-3 PUFA7 (g/day) | 3.7 | ± | 2.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | ± | 2.0 | 3.4 | -0.1 | 0.772 | -2 | 3.8 | ± | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.6 | ± | 1.7 | 3.2 | -0.1 | 0.650 | -3 |
| n-6 PUFA7 (g/day) | 10.9 | ± | 4.6 | 10.0 | 11.4 | ± | 5.2 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 0.235 | 5 | 11.0 | ± | 7.5 | 9.4 | 11.6 | ± | 5.1 | 10.5 | 0.6 | 0.334 | 6 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 303.3 | ± | 100.2 | 290.7 | 306.1 | ± | 98.1 | 287.3 | 2.8 | 0.758 | 1 | 272.7 | ± | 97.4 | 259.7 | 278.6 | ± | 73.4 | 265.0 | 6.0 | 0.459 | 2 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 23.5 | ± | 23.1 | 22.7 | 23.3 | ± | 25.5 | 17.8 | -0.2 | 0.922 | -1 | 1.5 | ± | 7.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | ± | 2.6 | 0.0 | -0.9 | 0.119 | -60 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 652.7 | ± | 393.0 | 590.7 | 662.4 | ± | 333.3 | 614.6 | 9.7 | 0.800 | 1 | 671.7 | ± | 400.1 | 581.3 | 690.7 | ± | 308.9 | 645.9 | 19.1 | 0.612 | 3 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1372 | ± | 551 | 1327 | 1382 | ± | 525 | 1342 | 10 | 0.832 | 1 | 1283 | ± | 649 | 1141 | 1314 | ± | 453 | 1221 | 31 | 0.586 | 2 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 11.7 | ± | 5.1 | 11.0 | 11.8 | ± | 4.9 | 11.7 | 0.1 | 0.798 | 1 | 11.7 | ± | 7.2 | 10.5 | 1.9 | ± | 4.6 | 10.9 | 0.2 | 0.785 | 1 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 5603 | ± | 2618 | 5311 | 5898 | ± | 3095 | 5611 | 295 | 0.236 | 5 | 5315 | ± | 3170 | 4720 | 5302 | ± | 2296 | 4974 | -13 | 0.959 | 0 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 3196 | ± | 1482 | 2961 | 3176 | ± | 1232 | 3077 | -20 | 0.876 | -1 | 3249 | ± | 1882 | 2799 | 3272 | ± | 1111 | 3130 | 22 | 0.884 | 1 |
| Retinol (µg/day) | 620.5 | ± | 568.3 | 511.1 | 613.7 | ± | 699.2 | 415.5 | -6.8 | 0.922 | -1 | 598.4 | ± | 711.1 | 417.7 | 590.6 | ± | 603.7 | 456.5 | -7.8 | 0.916 | -1 |
| Carotene (µg/day) | 3804 | ± | 3139 | 3308 | 3356 | ± | 2244 | 2734 | -448 | 0.130 | -12 | 4043 | ± | 3046 | 3291 | 4223 | ± | 2918 | 3308 | 180 | 0.577 | 4 |
| Alpha-carotene (µg/day) | 558.3 | ± | 546.9 | 393.2 | 471.8 | ± | 466.1 | 375.6 | -86.5 | 0.118 | -15 | 572.0 | ± | 500.2 | 407.1 | 625.9 | ± | 547.9 | 412.8 | 53.9 | 0.334 | 9 |
| Beta-carotene (µg/day) | 3039 | ± | 2594 | 2552 | 2689 | ± | 1777 | 2291 | -350 | 0.148 | -12 | 3242 | ± | 2504 | 2749 | 3378 | ± | 2370 | 2667 | 136 | 0.612 | 4 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 1.2 | ± | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ± | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.899 | 0 | 1.2 | ± | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | ± | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.664 | 2 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 1.7 | ± | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.7 | ± | 0.7 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.794 | -1 | 1.7 | ± | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | ± | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.937 | 0 |
| Niacin (mg/day) | 20.3 | ± | 8.2 | 18.5 | 19.6 | ± | 7.9 | 18.4 | -0.8 | 0.296 | -4 | 17.9 | ± | 11.1 | 15.5 | 17.8 | ± | 6.5 | 16.1 | -0.1 | 0.907 | -1 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 166.3 | ± | 118.6 | 157.1 | 163.1 | ± | 89.7 | 147.4 | -3.2 | 0.731 | -2 | 191.4 | ± | 161.5 | 155.7 | 188.6 | ± | 88.7 | 174.0 | -2.8 | 0.832 | -1 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 334.2 | ± | 156.0 | 317.7 | 333.8 | ± | 175.5 | 309.7 | -0.4 | 0.978 | 0 | 319.0 | ± | 170.4 | 307.4 | 328.9 | ± | 195.7 | 297.6 | 10.0 | 0.571 | 3 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 2.0 | ± | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | ± | 0.8 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 0.423 | -3 | 1.7 | ± | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | ± | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.902 | -1 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg/day) | 12.0 | ± | 8.4 | 9.8 | 11.3 | ± | 8.1 | 10.4 | -0.7 | 0.326 | -6 | 11.2 | ± | 10.9 | 8.7 | 103 | ± | 6.4 | 8.6 | -0.8 | 0.393 | -7 |
| Folate (µg/day) | 318.2 | ± | 152.7 | 286.8 | 312.7 | ± | 131.2 | 293.2 | -5.5 | 0.695 | -2 | 324.9 | ± | 189.4 | 274.9 | 326.2 | ± | 127.7 | 303.8 | 1.3 | 0.939 | 0 |
| Selenium (µg/day) | 126.1 | ± | 58.1 | 111.4 | 125.2 | ± | 62.7 | 117.7 | -0.9 | 0.873 | -1 | 116.3 | ± | 70.3 | 96.2 | 117.4 | ± | 50.6 | 106.4 | 1.2 | 0.850 | 1 |
| Total dietary fiber (g/day) | 14.5 | ± | 7.5 | 13.4 | 14.8 | ± | 6.6 | 14.1 | 0.3 | 0.580 | 2 | 15.9 | ± | 10.3 | 13.9 | 16.2 | ± | 6.2 | 15.4 | 0.2 | 0.763 | 2 |
| Water-soluble fiber (g/day) | 2.3 | ± | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.4 | ± | 1.4 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.364 | 4 | 2.7 | ± | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.8 | ± | 1.3 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.711 | 2 |
| Water-insoluble fiber (g/day) | 10.2 | ± | 5.4 | 9.4 | 10.3 | ± | 4.5 | 9.8 | 0.2 | 0.704 | 1 | 11.2 | ± | 7.5 | 9.5 | 11.3 | ± | 4.4 | 10.8 | 0.1 | 0.897 | 1 |
| Daidzein (mg/day) | 18.1 | ± | 12.1 | 15.4 | 19.6 | ± | 14.7 | 17.6 | 1.5 | 0.196 | 8 | 17.9 | ± | 13.6 | 14.6 | 18.6 | ± | 10.9 | 16.7 | 0.7 | 0.443 | 4 |
| Genistein (mg/day) | 30.7 | ± | 20.6 | 25.9 | 33.5 | ± | 25.2 | 29.0 | 2.7 | 0.173 | 9 | 30.8 | ± | 25.8 | 24.1 | 32.5 | ± | 20.3 | 28.5 | 1.8 | 0.343 | 6 |
1Food frequency questionnaire administered in February, 1995. 2Food frequency questionnaire administered in February, 1996
3Differences between FFQ1 and FFQ2 were tested by paired t-test. 4((FFQ2 mean - FFQ1 mean)/FFQ1 mean)
5Saturated fatty acid. 6Monounsaturated fatty acid. 7Polyunsaturated fatty acid.