Table 1. Food items estimated from their intake from FFQ, their standard portion sizes, seasonal coefficients.

	Food/Beverage Name	Standard portion size (g)	Semi-quantification1	Food group2	Seasonal coefficient3	Food used for development of food composition table
						Food code4			Weighting ratio (%)
1	Well-milled rice	140	yes	1	---	1-41d	Water	---	43	57	---
2	Vitamin supplemented rice	140	yes	1	---	1-41f	1-41d	Water	0.2	43.3	56.5
3	Rice mixed with other grains	140	yes	1	---	1-6a	1-41d	Water	7	36	57
4	Miso-soup	150	no	7	---	7-32c	Water	---	8	92	---
5	Sake	180	no	16	---	16-1b	---	---	100	---	---
6	Shochu, awamori	180	no	16	---	16-4c	---	---	100	---	---
7	Beer	633	no	16	---	16-2a	---	---	100	---	---
8	Whisky	80	no	16	---	16-5b	---	---	100	---	---
9	Wine	60	no	16	---	16-3a	16-3b	---	50	50	---
10	Steaks	150	yes	9	---	9-11b	---	---	100	---	---
11	Grilled beef	100	yes	9	---	9-7b	---	---	100	---	---
12	Stewed beef	50	yes	9	---	9-15b	---	---	100	---	---
13	Stir-fried pork	60	yes	9	---	9-69a	---	---	100	---	---
14	Deep-fried pork	100	yes	9	---	9-67a	---	---	100	---	---
15	Stewed pork, Western style	50	yes	9	---	9-71a	---	---	100	---	---
16	Stewed pork, Japanese style	60	yes	9	---	9-69a	---	---	100	---	---
17	Pork in soup	40	yes	9	---	9-69a	---	---	100	---	---
18	Pork liver	40	yes	9	---	9-80	---	---	100	---	---
19	Grilled chicken	70	yes	9	---	9-49b	---	---	100	---	---
20	Deep-fried chicken	50	yes	9	---	9-47b	---	---	100	---	---
21	Chicken liver	30	yes	9	---	9-55	---	---	100	---	---
22	Ham, loin	15	yes	9	---	9-86c	---	---	100	---	---
23	Sausage, Wieners	30	yes	9	---	9-87e	---	---	100	---	---
24	Bacon	20	yes	9	---	9-85a	---	---	100	---	---
25	Luncheon Meat	40	yes	9	---	9-31	---	---	100	---	---
26	Milk	200	yes	11	---	11-2	---	---	100	---	---
27	Egg	50	yes	10	---	10-5a	---	---	100	---	---
28	Cheese	20	yes	11	---	11-23	---	---	100	---	---
29	Yogurt	120	yes	11	---	11-9a	---	---	100	---	---
30	Salted fish	70	yes	8	---	8-114	8-146a	8-79	30	20	50
31	Dried fish	50	yes	8	---	8-5a	---	---	100	---	---
32	Canned tuna	20	yes	8	---	8-153c	---	---	100	---	---
33	Salmon, trout	70	yes	8	---	8-77	8-154	---	80	20	---
34	Bonito, tuna	60	yes	8	---	8-50	8-150a	---	50	50	---
35	Cod, flat fish	40	yes	8	---	8-113	8-60a	---	60	40	---
36	Sea bream	70	yes	8	---	8-110a	---	---	100	---	---
37	Horse mackerel, sardine	80	yes	8	---	8-4a	8-26a	---	50	50	---
38	Pacific sawry, mackerel	80	yes	8	---	8-95a	8-84a	---	50	50	---
39	Dried small fish	10	yes	8	---	8-32	---	---	100	---	---
40	Roe	20	yes	8	---	8-118a	8-81	---	60	40	---
41	Eel	50	yes	8	---	8-41	---	---	100	---	---
42	Squid	50	yes	8	---	8-206a	---	---	100	---	---
43	Octopus	50	yes	8	---	8-238b	---	---	100	---	---
44	Prawn	40	yes	8	---	8-219a	---	---	100	---	---
45	Short-necked clam, crab shell	20	yes	8	---	8-171	---	---	100	---	---
46	Vivipara	20	yes	8	---	8-185	---	---	100	---	---
47	Chikuwa (fish paste product)	20	yes	8	---	8-250	---	---	100	---	---
48	Kamaboko (fish paste product)	20	yes	8	---	8-246	---	---	100	---	---
49	Carrot	50	yes	12g	0.73	12-94a	---	---	100	---	---
50	Spinach	50	yes	12g	0.62	12-117a	---	---	100	---	---
51	Pumpkin	40	yes	12g	0.64	12-17a	---	---	100	---	---
52	Cabbage	30	yes	12	0.92	12-24a	---	---	100	---	---
53	Chinese radish	80	yes	12	0.53	12-56a	---	---	100	---	---
54	Salted pickles of Chinese radish	30	yes	12p	0.56	12-58	---	---	100	---	---
55	Salted pickles of green leafy vegetables	30	yes	12p,g	0.58	12-98b	---	---	100	---	---
56	Pickled plum	68	yes	13,12p	0.90	13-14	---	---	100	---	---
57	Pickled Chinese cabbage	30	yes	12p	0.54	12-101b	---	---	100	---	---
58	Pickled cucumber	30	yes	12p	0.36	12-25b	---	---	100	---	---
59	Pickled egg plant	30	yes	12p	0.34	12-87c	---	---	100	---	---
60	Sweet pepper	30	yes	12g	0.44	12-108a	---	---	100	---	---
61	Tomato	50	yes	12	0.39	12-85	---	---	100	---	---
62	Chinese chive	20	yes	12	0.50	12-93a	---	---	100	---	---
63	Garland chrysanthemum	30	yes	12g	0.68	12-39a	---	---	100	---	---
64	Komatsuna	20	yes	12g	0.63	12-32a	---	---	100	---	---
65	Broccoli	30	yes	12g	0.70	12-114a	---	---	100	---	---
66	Onion	50	yes	12	0.95	12-70a	---	---	100	---	---
67	Cucumber	30	yes	12	0.53	12-25a	---	---	100	---	---
68	Chinese cabbage	30	yes	12	0.58	12-101a	---	---	100	---	---
69	Bean sprout	25	yes	12	0.76	12-128a	---	---	100	---	---
70	Snap bean	30	yes	12g	0.36	12-6a	---	---	100	---	---
71	Lettuce	10	yes	12	0.44	12-73	---	---	100	---	---
72	Chingensai	70	yes	12g	0.50	12-74a	---	---	100	---	---
73	Leaf mustard	70	yes	12g	0.52	12-19a	---	---	100	---	---
74	Bitter gourd	100	yes	12	0.50	12-92a	---	---	100	---	---
75	Chard, Swiss chard	100	yes	12g	0.50	12-113a	---	---	100	---	---
76	Loofah	100	yes	12	0.50	12-115a	---	---	100	---	---
77	Mugwort	10	yes	12g	0.32	12-134a	---	---	100	---	---
78	Papaya	50	yes	13	0.90	13-66a	---	---	100	---	---
79	Mandarin orange	14	yes	13	0.51	13-17b	---	---	100	---	---
80	Other oranges	75	yes	13	0.49	13-62	13-24b	13-11	30	60	10
81	Apple	85	yes	13	0.61	13-88	---	---	100	---	---
82	Persimmon	80	yes	13	0.20	13-26a	---	---	100	---	---
83	Strawberries	75	yes	13	0.48	13-6	---	---	100	---	---
84	Grapes	100	yes	13	0.30	13-70	---	---	100	---	---
85	Melon	60	yes	13	0.36	13-80a	---	---	100	---	---
86	Watermelon	120	yes	13	0.27	13-45	---	---	100	---	---
87	Peach	65	yes	13	0.25	13-81a	---	---	100	---	---
88	Pear	80	yes	13	0.35	13-52a	---	---	100	---	---
89	Kiwifruit	50	yes	13	0.47	13-31	---	---	100	---	---
90	Pineapple	130	yes	13	0.61	13-58	---	---	100	---	---
91	Banana	75	yes	13	0.61	13-64	---	---	100	---	---
92	Breads	60	yes	1	---	1-13a	---	---	100	---	---
93	Udon	250	yes	1	---	1-23a	Water	---	26	74	---
94	Soba	200	yes	1	---	1-62a	Water	---	26	74	---
95	Okinawa soba	200	yes	1	---	1-30a	Water	---	26	74	---
96	Chinese noodles	220	yes	l	---	1-28a	Water	---	26	74	---
97	Mochi	50	yes	1	---	1-47	---	---	100	---	---
98	Japanese-style confectionery	70	yes	4	---	4-18	4-24e	---	30	70	---
99	Cake	70	yes	4	---	4-46	---	---	100	---	---
100	Biscuit, cookie	25	yes	4	---	4-65a	4-65c	---	30	70	---
101	Chocolate	25	yes	4	---	4-77a	---	---	100	---	---
102	Peanuts	20	yes	6	---	6-25b	---	---	100	---	---
103	Tofu for miso-soup	20	yes	7	---	7-21a	---	---	100	---	---
104	Tofu for other dishes	75	yes	7	---	7-21a	---	---	100	---	---
105	Yushi-dofu	150	yes	7	---	7-22	Water	---	47	53	---
106	Freeze-dried tofu	60	yes	7	---	7-27	---	---	100	---	---
107	Deep-fried tofu	72	yes	7	---	7-25	---	---	100	---	---
108	Natto	50	yes	7	---	7-29	---	---	100	---	---
109	Sweet potato	40	yes	2	---	2-5a	---	---	100	---	---
110	Potato	50	yes	2	---	2-11a	---	---	100	---	---
111	Yam	30	yes	2	---	2-8a	---	---	100	---	---
112	Shiitake mushroom	20	yes	14	---	14-7a	Water	---	20	80	---
113	Enokitake, Shimeji	20	yes	14	---	14-1a	14-10a	---	50	50	---
114	Wakame	20	yes	15	---	15-35a	Water	---	13	88	---
115	Hijiki	20	yes	15	---	15-28	Water	---	20	80	---
116	Nori	62	yes	15	---	15-4	15-5	---	70	30	---
117	Butter for spread	78	yes	5	---	11-28	---	---	100	---	---
118	Margarine for spread	88	yes	5	---	5-7a	---	---	100	---	---
119	Salad dressing	10	yes	17	---	17-9a	---	---	100	---	---
120	Mayonnaise	7	yes	17	---	17-10a	---	---	100	---	---
121	Worchester sauce	15	yes	17	---	17-5a	---	---	100	---	---
122	Ketchup	25	yes	17	---	17-6a	---	---	100	---	---
123	Soy milk	200	no	7	---	7-39b	---	---	100	---	---
124	Green tea (sencha)	120	no	16	---	16-21b	---	---	100	---	---
125	Green tea (bancha, genmaicha)	120	no	16	---	16-23b	16-25b	---	70	30	---
126	Oolong tea	120	no	16	---	16-26b	---	---	100	---	---
127	Tea	120	no	16	---	16-27b	---	---	100	---	---
128	Coffee (not canned coffee)	120	no	16	---	16-30b	---	---	100	---	---
129	Canned coffee	120	no	16	---	16-31	---	---	100	---	---
130	Soup	16	no	16	---	18-4	Water	---	22	78	---
131	Lactic acid bacteria beverage	65	no	16	---	11-10a	---	---	100	---	---
132	100% orange juice	200	no	16	---	13-19a	---	---	100	---	---
133	100% apple juice	200	no	16	---	13-89a	---	---	100	---	---
134	Tomato juice	200	no	12	---	12-86b	---	---	100	---	---
135	Calcium fortified soft drink	200	no	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
136	Beta-carotene fortified soft drink	200	no	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
137	Soft drink	250	no	16	---	16-33b	---	---	100	---	---
138	Vitamin-fortified soft drink)	200	no	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
139	Tap or well water	200	no	---	---	Water	---	---	100	---	---
140	Mineral water and filtered water	200	no	---	---	Water	---	---	100	---	---
141	Sugar for tea	3	no	---	---	3-4a	---	---	100	---	---
142	Sugar for coffee	5	no	---	---	11-8	---	---	100	---	---
143	Cream for tea	3	no	---	---	3-4a	---	---	100	---	---
144	Cream for coffee	5	no	---	---	11-8	---	---	100	---	---
145	Cooking oil	no 5	---	5	---	5-17	---	---	100	---	---
146	Cooking salt (sodium)	no 5	---	17	---	17-2a	---	---	100	---	---
147	Salt (sodium) in noodle-soup	no 5	---	---	---	17-2a	Water	---	1	99	---

¹The food items with portion sizes were indicated as "yes".

²The definition of food group was based on the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan, the fourth revised edition. g=green and yellow vegetable, p=salted and pickled vegetable.

³Seasonal coefficient used to estimate the average yearly intake year for each food.

⁴Food code in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan, the fourth revised edition.

⁵Estimated from combination of food intakes and answers to dietary behavior questions.