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. 2007 Nov 30;13(1 Suppl):S23–S50. doi: 10.2188/jea.13.1sup_23

Table 8. Food group intakes (g/1000 kcal) assessed with DR by season.

Sex
　Food group		 3 areas (Ninohe, Yokote, and Saku PHC areas) 4 areas (3 areas and Ishikawa PHC area)
Winter (7-days) Spring (7-days) Summer (7-days) Autumn (7-days) Two-way ANOVA2 Winter (7-days) Summer (7-days) Paired t-test p-value
Mean ± SD Median Mean ± SD Median Mean ± SD Median Mean ± SD Median Mean ± SD Median Mean ± SD Median
Men (n=75) (n=75) (n=75) (n=75) (n=75) (n=102)
　Cereals 134 ± 28 131 135 ± 26 136 134 ± 30 127 135 ± 24 133 0.936 309 ± 88 294 132 ± 29 127 0.622
　Potatoes and starches 23 ± 13 21 15 ± 10 14 16 ± 12 14 25 ± 13 23 <0.001 60 ± 37 56 17 ± 13 15 <0.001
　Sugar and sweeteners 4 ± 3 3 3 ± 2 3 3 ± 3 3 3 ± 3 3 0.098 9 ± 8 7 3 ± 2 2 0.002
　Confectioneries 14 ± 15 10 15 ± 13 12 11 ± 12 7 12 ± 11 9 0.013 29 ± 36 19 10 ± 12 5 0.208
　Fats and oils 4 ± 2 4 4 ± 2 4 5 ± 2 5 4 ± 2 4 0.002 11 ± 6 10 5 ± 3 5 0.056
　Nuts and seeds 1 ± 3 0 1 ± 1 0 1 ± 1 0 2 ± 3 0 0.050 3 ± 6 1 1 ± 1 0 0.011
　Pulses 39 ± 17 34 39 ± 19 35 35 ± 17 33 37 ± 17 32 0.212 89 ± 44 81 36 ± 20 33 0.292
　Fish and shellfish 63 ± 24 56 59 ± 22 56 59 ± 21 57 63 ± 20 58 0.253 139 ± 59 135 57 ± 22 55 0.101
　Meats 28 ± 14 26 25 ± 11 26 27 ± 14 26 27 ± 11 25 0.523 77 ± 41 68 34 ± 18 31 0.777
　Eggs 17 ± 7 16 17 ± 9 16 18 ± 9 16 17 ± 8 15 0.912 38 ± 16 38 18 ± 8 16 0.305
　Milks 55 ± 44 43 58 ± 50 42 63 ± 59 55 53 ± 52 40 0.131 114 ± 105 84 58 ± 57 51 0.030
　Vegetables 125 ± 35 122 128 ± 38 128 157 ± 55 150 121 ± 34 116 <0.001 301 ± 95 282 152 ± 53 146 <0.001
　　Green & yellow 44 ± 20 43 46 ± 24 43 54 ± 35 46 33 ± 18 28 <0.001 112 ± 49 106 51 ± 32 42 0.310
　　Pickled1 16 ± 13 14 12 ± 11 8 25 ± 21 22 19 ± 13 17 <0.001 30 ± 31 20 19 ± 21 14 <0.001
　Fruits 50 ± 36 40 44 ± 36 37 65 ± 49 56 67 ± 51 52 <0.001 100 ± 82 87 58 ± 47 45 0.001
　Fungi 5 ± 4 4 3 ± 3 2 3 ± 4 2 5 ± 5 3 <0.001 10 ± 9 8 3 ± 3 2 0.002
　Algae 3 ± 2 2 3 ± 4 2 5 ± 8 2 3 ± 4 1 0.043 7 ± 6 5 4 ± 7 2 0.072
　Alcoholic beverages 120 ± 126 91 149 ± 146 107 160 ± 141 126 104 ± 104 74 <0.001 266 ± 296 206 157 ± 148 127 <0.001
　Non-alcoholic beverages 119 ± 62 107 118 ± 61 114 121 ± 69 116 112 ± 59 116 0.386 266 ± 148 257 122 ± 66 117 0.234
　Seasonings and spices 17 ± 5 17 16 ± 4 16 16 ± 5 15 16 ± 5 15 0.396 37 ± 13 34 15 ± 5 14 0.067
Women (n=85) (n=85) (n=85) (n=85) (n=113) (n=113)
　Cereals 119 ± 24 119 124 ± 24 126 121 ± 25 120 122 ± 23 118 0.390 214 ± 50 209 122 ± 27 120 0.277
　Potatoes and starches 30 ± 17 27 19 ± 12 18 21 ± 13 18 32 ± 18 30 <0.001 57 ± 33 50 21 ± 14 19 <0.001
　Sugar and sweeteners 5 ± 4 4 5 ± 3 4 4 ± 3 4 4 ± 3 3 0.079 9 ± 7 7 4 ± 3 4 0.095
　Confectioneries 29 ± 18 27 28 ± 18 24 25 ± 19 22 27 ± 18 24 0.170 50 ± 37 46 25 ± 19 20 0.110
　Fats and oils 5 ± 2 5 4 ± 2 4 5 ± 2 5 4 ± 2 4 0.001 9 ± 5 9 6 ± 3 6 0.012
　Nuts and seeds 2 ± 2 1 1 ± 2 0 1 ± 1 0 3 ± 9 1 0.052 3 ± 4 1 1 ± 1 0 0.001
　Pulses 46 ± 19 42 44 ± 20 39 39 ± 18 36 42 ± 16 40 0.016 78 ± 38 75 38 ± 18 35 0.026
　Fish and shellfish 62 ± 19 60 59 ± 19 57 60 ± 22 58 65 ± 20 62 0.079 107 ± 43 101 57 ± 22 57 0.550
　Meats 28 ± 16 25 28 ± 12 28 28 ± 14 26 26 ± 11 25 0.629 61 ± 38 52 33 ± 17 30 0.563
　Eggs 18 ± 8 17 19 ± 9 17 19 ± 11 18 19 ± 9 19 0.846 32 ± 15 32 19 ± 10 18 0.319
　Milks 76 ± 49 76 89 ± 53 92 95 ± 57 103 74 ± 55 75 <0.001 139 ± 99 128 93 ± 59 99 0.001
　Vegetables 157 ± 49 152 160 ± 52 154 210 ± 68 201 147 ± 49 143 <0.001 288 ± 106 275 195 ± 70 193 <0.001
　　Green & yellow 60 ± 28 54 61 ± 29 57 82 ± 47 72 42 ± 23 38 <0.001 114 ± 59 107 75 ± 45 65 0.003
　　Pickled1 19 ± 16 17 13 ± 12 9 29 ± 22 21 20 ± 14 18 <0.001 29 ± 31 17 23 ± 22 17 <0.001
　Fruits 85 ± 45 75 73 ± 43 63 101 ± 65 89 110 ± 51 110 <0.001 136 ± 95 114 96 ± 64 84 0.001
　Fungi 6 ± 5 5 3 ± 3 2 4 ± 4 3 7 ± 6 5 <0.001 9 ± 8 7 4 ± 4 3 0.032
　Algae 3 ± 3 2 5 ± 6 2 5 ± 8 2 3 ± 4 1 0.084 6 ± 6 4 5 ± 8 2 0.075
　Alcoholic beverages 12 ± 26 4 14 ± 24 4 17 ± 28 3 13 ± 26 5 0.153 --- 16 ± 30 3 0.017
　Non-alcoholic beverages 150 ± 68 150 150 ± 77 137 153 ± 75 150 140 ± 63 138 0.214 279 ± 126 260 162 ± 78 159 0.331
　Seasonings and spices 19 ± 5 19 20 ± 6 20 19 ± 6 19 19 ± 5 18 0.371 33 ± 12 31 18 ± 6 17 0.452

1Pickled plum (umeboshi) was included in pickled vegetables, and not in total vegetables but rather in fruits.

2P-value for seasonal difference after adjusting for area difference.