Table 2. Mean intake of total energy and 15 nutrients from DR within quintile of intake determined by FFQ.
| Sex | Quintile of nutrient intake according to FFQ | |||||||||||||
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| Nutrient | Lowest | Second | Third | Fourth | Highest | |||||||||
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| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||
| Men (n=102) | (n=20) | (n=21) | (n=20) | (n=21) | (n=20) | |||||||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2064 | 401 | 2145 | 381 | 2353 | 332 | 2459 | 337 | ** | 2716 | 391 | *** | ||
| Protein (g/day) | 79.6 | 14.4 | 88.5 | 13.3 | 98.6 | 13.5 | *** | 93.4 | 12.5 | ** | 104.7 | 13.3 | *** | |
| Total fat (g/day) | 54.0 | 13.0 | 58.3 | 8.5 | 58.2 | 9.6 | 60.2 | 9.2 | 65.4 | 10.0 | ** | |||
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 241.2 | 52.5 | 286.3 | 68.4 | 301.6 | 31.0 | ** | 355.5 | 68.1 | *** | 399.4 | 72.8 | *** | |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 448.6 | 114.9 | 555.3 | 165.0 | 622.1 | 94.3 | *** | 700.4 | 151.3 | *** | 789.3 | 164.7 | *** | |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1126 | 182 | 1348 | 263 | ** | 1460 | 184 | *** | 1499 | 207 | *** | 1639 | 236 | *** |
| Iron (mg/day) | 11.3 | 2.1 | 11.9 | 2.4 | 12.6 | 2.9 | 13.8 | 1.7 | ** | 14.8 | 2.5 | *** | ||
| Sodium (mg/day) | 4263 | 917 | 4861 | 1173 | 5621 | 1162 | ** | 5484 | 836 | *** | 6454 | 1251 | *** | |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 2760 | 541 | 3084 | 717 | 3093 | 439 | 3337 | 416 | ** | 3814 | 671 | *** | ||
| Retinol (mg/day) | 185.7 | 180.9 | 371.0 | 297.7 | 583.0 | 548.5 | * | 482.2 | 349.8 | 574.8 | 713.6 | * | ||
| Carotene (mg/day) | 2544 | 951 | 3071 | 1185 | 3529 | 1594 | * | 3231 | 1044 | 4035 | 1299 | *** | ||
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 1.13 | 0.29 | 1.28 | 0.17 | 1.26 | 0.19 | 1.34 | 0.19 | * | 1.59 | 0.35 | *** | ||
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 1.20 | 0.23 | 1.48 | 0.33 | * | 1.62 | 0.31 | *** | 1.67 | 0.30 | *** | 1.81 | 0.34 | *** |
| Niacin (mg/day) | 18.9 | 3.3 | 21.4 | 4.6 | 22.1 | 3.0 | * | 22.6 | 2.9 | ** | 24.3 | 4.0 | *** | |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 103.9 | 32.0 | 140.9 | 47.7 | 117.9 | 25.5 | * | 138.4 | 35.9 | ** | 159.6 | 40.5 | *** | |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 360.4 | 100.1 | 382.1 | 76.0 | * | 430.5 | 71.7 | * | 431.9 | 104.6 | * | 484.6 | 86.5 | *** |
| Women (n=113) | (n=22) | (n=23) | (n=23) | (n=23) | (n=22) | |||||||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1611 | 217 | 1709 | 329 | 1832 | 221 | * | 1917 | 323 | ** | 2029 | 311 | *** | |
| Protein (g/day) | 68.0 | 10.2 | 74.7 | 15.3 | 74.1 | 9.9 | 80.2 | 12.8 | ** | 83.9 | 11.6 | *** | ||
| Total fat (g/day) | 49.7 | 10.0 | 52.6 | 10.4 | 52.3 | 10.4 | 55.1 | 10.0 | 54.9 | 7.9 | ||||
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 213.2 | 52.1 | 234.8 | 39.9 | 256.3 | 45.6 | ** | 279.4 | 41.4 | *** | 300.9 | 67.5 | *** | |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 481.4 | 131.5 | 543.0 | 154.8 | 574.6 | 111.3 | 658.1 | 144.1 | *** | 742.4 | 161.1 | *** | ||
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1000 | 163 | 1124 | 240 | 1174 | 177 | * | 1238 | 209 | *** | 1323 | 189 | *** | |
| Iron (mg/day) | 9.5 | 2.1 | 10.7 | 2.1 | 11.7 | 2.5 | ** | 11.6 | 1.9 | ** | 12.8 | 2.5 | *** | |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 3512 | 745 | 4315 | 933 | * | 4954 | 1135 | *** | 5315 | 937 | *** | 5136 | 959 | *** |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 2577 | 509 | 2836 | 737 | 2830 | 437 | 3227 | 694 | ** | 3273 | 634 | ** | ||
| Retinal (mg/day) | 335.9 | 364.4 | 281.3 | 474.7 | 284.5 | 205.1 | 402.3 | 375.8 | 550.3 | 592.0 | ||||
| Carotene (mg/day) | 2612 | 1022 | 3034 | 1084 | 3085 | 1143 | 3284 | 1383 | 3933 | 1366 | ** | |||
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 0.99 | 0.18 | 1.15 | 0.22 | 1.08 | 0.18 | 1.19 | 0.26 | 1.21 | 0.30 | * | |||
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 1.19 | 0.31 | 1.32 | 0.28 | 1.33 | 0.25 | 1.47 | 0.28 | ** | 1.59 | 0.28 | *** | ||
| Niacin (mg/day) | 15.5 | 2.7 | 16.3 | 3.6 | 17.1 | 2.6 | 18.1 | 3.4 | 17.7 | 3.3 | * | |||
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 120.7 | 46.1 | 132.3 | 62.9 | 139.4 | 47.1 | 154.7 | 42.1 | 150.2 | 49.1 | ||||
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 308.4 | 95.0 | 339.3 | 68.6 | 370.0 | 88.1 | * | 390.7 | 78.5 | ** | 371.5 | 84.9 | * | |
Significance of Dunnett test of ANOVA with the lowest quintile as reference: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.