Table 1. Carotenoid intakes (µg/day) and vitamin C intakes (mg/day) assessed with DR1 for 28 or 14 days by area.
Ninohe PHC | Yokote PHC | Saku PHC | Ishikawa PHC | ANOVA p-value |
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Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | ||
Men (n=102) | n=24 | n=28 | n=23 | n=27 | |||||||||||||
Carotene | 3564 | ± | 1330 | 3304 | 2503 | ± | 798 | 2441 | 3174 | ± | 874 | 2972 | 3902 | ± | 1616 | 3919 | 0.0003 |
Alpha-carotene | 507 | ± | 251 | 446 | 286 | ± | 115 | 271 | 352 | ± | 152 | 308 | 669 | ± | 333 | 652 | 0.0001 |
Beta-carotene | 2726 | ± | 1055 | 2476 | 2021 | ± | 697 | 1919 | 2578 | ± | 724 | 2516 | 3111 | ± | 1310 | 3007 | 0.0011 |
Lycopene | 4336 | ± | 4230 | 3042 | 2515 | ± | 1551 | 1966 | 2456 | ± | 1342 | 2292 | 2622 | ± | 2531 | 1844 | 0.0414 |
Vitamin C | 122 | ± | 38 | 115 | 122 | ± | 34 | 123 | 139 | ± | 40 | 134 | 134 | ± | 45 | 130 | 0.3083 |
Women (n=113) | n=27 | n=30 | n=28 | n=28 | |||||||||||||
Carotene | 3314 | ± | 1471 | 3126 | 2773 | ± | 941 | 2658 | 3109 | ± | 972 | 2837 | 3573 | ± | 1505 | 3746 | 0.1000 |
Alpha-carotene | 446 | ± | 236 | 359 | 337 | ± | 169 | 288 | 358 | ± | 142 | 319 | 581 | ± | 260 | 571 | 0.0001 |
Beta-carotene | 2597 | ± | 1218 | 2386 | 2241 | ± | 766 | 2038 | 2514 | ± | 807 | 2332 | 2860 | ± | 1241 | 2888 | 0.1537 |
Lycopene | 395 | ± | 3004 | 3241 | 2832 | ± | 1894 | 2125 | 3243 | ± | 2262 | 2628 | 3261 | ± | 3412 | 2085 | 0.4721 |
Vitamin C | 128 | ± | 44 | 114 | 133 | ± | 36 | 127 | 146 | ± | 46 | 138 | 139 | ± | 71 | 117 | 0.5870 |
1DR, dietary records.