Table 4. Carotenoid intakes (µg/day) and vitamin C intakes (mg/day) assessed with DR1 for 28 or 14 days and FFQ2 in 4 areas and correlations.
Sex | DR | FFQ | % difference | Spearman correlation | |||||||
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Mean | ± | SD | Median | Mean | ± | SD | Median | Crude | Energy-adjusted3 | ||
Men (n=102) | |||||||||||
Carotene | 3274 | ± | 1305 | 2885 | 3814 | ± | 3126 | 3320 | 16 | 0.38 | 0.36 |
Alpha-carotene | 454 | ± | 273 | 357 | 561 | ± | 545 | 398 | 23 | 0.47 | 0.47 |
Beta-carotene | 2601 | ± | 1052 | 2314 | 3044 | ± | 2582 | 2556 | 17 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
Lycopene | 2965 | ± | 2715 | 2121 | 3386 | ± | 4636 | 1296 | 14 | 0.18 | 0.19 |
Vitamin C | 129 | ± | 39 | 127 | 166 | ± | 118 | 157 | 29 | 0.44 | 0.42 |
Women (n=113) | |||||||||||
Carotene | 3184 | ± | 1262 | 2870 | 4105 | ± | 3029 | 3358 | 29 | 0.31 | 0.33 |
Alpha-carotene | 429 | ± | 226 | 348 | 579 | ± | 495 | 433 | 35 | 0.46 | 0.50 |
Beta-carotene | 2547 | ± | 1037 | 2344 | 3290 | ± | 2493 | 2789 | 29 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
Lycopene | 3309 | ± | 2689 | 2450 | 3148 | ± | 4942 | 1438.86 | -5 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
Vitamin C | 137 | ± | 50 | 127 | 192 | ± | 159 | 156 | 41 | 0.31 | 0.22 |
1DR, dietary records.
2FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.
3Energy was adjusted by residual model for intake.
For n=102, r>0.20 = p<0.05, r>0.26 = p<0.01, r>0.33 = p<0.001.
For n=113, r>0.19 = p<0.05, r>0.25 = p<0.01, r>0.31 = p<0.001.