Table 5. Mean intake of carotenoids and vitamin C from DR1 within quintile of intake determined by FFQ2.
Quintile of carotenoids and vitamin C intake according to FFQ | |||||||||||||||||||
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Sex Carotenoids |
Lowest | Second | Third | Fourth | Highest | ||||||||||||||
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Mean | ± | SD | Mean | ± | SD | ratio3 | Mean | ± | SD | ratio3 | Mean | ± | SD | ratio3 | Mean | ± | SD | ratio3 | |
Men | n=20 | n=21 | n=20 | n=21 | n=20 | ||||||||||||||
Carotene | 2541 | ± | 950 | 3067 | ± | 1185 | 1.21 | 3528 | ± | 1591 | 1.39 | 3365 | ± | 1115 | 1.32 | 3877 | ± | 1329 | 1.53 |
Alpha-carotene | 320 | ± | 197 | 331 | ± | 147 | 1.04 | 477 | ± | 266 | 1.49 | 538 | ± | 349 | 1.68 | 608 | ± | 260 | 1.90 |
Beta-carotene | 2073 | ± | 692 | 2329 | ± | 954 | 1.12 | 2796 | ± | 1292 | 1.35 | 2602 | ± | 791 | 1.26 | 3219 | ± | 1140 | 1.55 |
Lycopene | 2423 | ± | 1812 | 2801 | ± | 2895 | 1.16 | 2626 | ± | 1761 | 1.08 | 2823 | ± | 2080 | 1.16 | 4115 | ± | 4140 | 1.70 |
Vitamin C | 103 | ± | 30 | 130 | ± | 42 | 1.26 | 120 | ± | 27 | 1.17 | 134 | ± | 36 | 1.30 | 158 | ± | 41 | 1.54 |
Women | n=22 | n=23 | n=23 | n=23 | n=22 | ||||||||||||||
Carotene | 2604 | ± | 1012 | 3021 | ± | 1092 | 1.16 | 3142 | ± | 1169 | 1.21 | 3581 | ± | 1624 | 1.37 | 3561 | ± | 1151 | 1.37 |
Alpha-carotene | 319 | ± | 197 | 356 | ± | 169 | 1.12 | 456 | ± | 227 | 1.43 | 450 | ± | 220 | 1.41 | 565 | ± | 243 | 1.77 |
Beta-carotene | 2092 | ± | 822 | 2489 | ± | 841 | 1.19 | 2556 | ± | 1200 | 1.22 | 2732 | ± | 1189 | 1.31 | 2860 | ± | 983 | 1.37 |
Lycopene | 3329 | ± | 3641 | 2726 | ± | 2303 | 0.82 | 3617 | ± | 3065 | 1.09 | 3068 | ± | 2109 | 0.92 | 3831 | ± | 2102 | 1.15 |
Vitamin C | 122 | ± | 44 | 127 | ± | 65 | 1.04 | 138 | ± | 43 | 1.13 | 145 | ± | 44 | 1.20 | 151 | ± | 52 | 1.24 |
1DR, dietary records.
2FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.
3Ratio compared to lowest quintile.